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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cell |
The basic unit of structure and function in living things. |
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Microscope |
An instrument that makes small objects look larger. |
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Cell Theory |
A widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things. |
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Organelle |
A tiny structure that carries out a specific function within the cell. |
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Cell Wall |
A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisims. |
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Cell Membrane |
A cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell. |
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Nucleus |
A cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell. |
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Cytoplasm |
The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus; in organisms without a nucleus, the region located inside the cell membrane. |
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Mitochondria |
Rod-Shaped cell structures that convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions. |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum |
A cell structure that froms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another. |
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Ribosome |
A small grain-like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where protiens are made. |
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Golgi Body |
A structure in a cell that recieves proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes then to other parts of the cell. |
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Chloroplast |
A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captured energy drom sunlight and uses it to produce food. |
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Vacuole |
a sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area. |
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Lysosome |
A small, round cell structure containing chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones. |
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Element |
Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. |
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Compound |
Two or more elemnts that are chemically combined. |
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Carbohydrate |
Energy-rich organic compund, such as a sugar or a starch, that is made of the elemnts carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
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Protein |
Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and osmetimes sulfur, |
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Amino Acid |
A small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins |
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Enzyme |
A type of protein that speeds in a chemical reaction in a living thing. |
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Lipid |
Energy-rich organic compound, such as fat, oil, or wax, that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
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Nucleic Acid |
Very large organic molecule made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus, that contains the instructions cells need to carry out all the members of the same species. |
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DNA |
Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
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RNA |
Ribonucleic acid; a nucleic that plays an important role in the production of proteins |
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Selectively permeable |
A property of cell membranes that allows some substances to pass through, while others cannot |
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Diffusion |
The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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Osmosis |
The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane |
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Passive Transport |
The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy |
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Active Transport |
The movement of materials through a cell membrane using cellular energy |