Cell Structure And Cell Cycle

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CELL

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ARE THE SMALLEST STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF LIVING ORGANISMS. THEY TAKE IN NUTRIENTS DELIVERED TO THEM BY THE BLOOD AND USE THESE NUTRIENTS TO MAKE CARBOHYDRATES, PROTEINS, LIPIDS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS.

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MACROMOLECULES

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ARE SMALL ORGANIC MOLECULES THAT CAN COMBINE INTO VERY LARGE MOLECULES; CELLS USE THIS TO MAKE CELLULAR AND EXTRACELLULAR STRUCTURES, REPAIR THEMSELVES, AND TO PREFORM THE TASKS REQUIRED FOR ORGAN FUNCTION.

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SKELETAL MUSCLE

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LONG CELL CONTAINING CONTRACTILE PROTEINS ENABLING THEM TO CONTRACT TO MOVE BONES.

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PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIAL CELLS

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HAVE CILIA THAT MOVES SUBSTANCES ALONG SURFACE OF CELLS.

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GOBLET CELLS

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CELLS THAT PRODUCE MUCUS. GOBLET SHAPED UNICELLULAR GLAND THAT SECRETES MUCUS; FOUND IN EPITHELIUM OF AIRWAYS AND INTESTINES.

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MOTOR NEURONS

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NERVOUS TISSUE CELLS WITH MANY PROCESSES THAT RECEIVE INFO FROM OTHER NEURONS AND SEND ELECTRICAL SIGNALS TO MUSCLE CELLS CAUSING THEM TO CONTRACT.

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SPERM CELLS

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SMALL, OVAL CELLS WITH A FLAGELLUM THAT PROPELS THEM THROUGH THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT.

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RED BLOOD CELLS

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DO NOT HAVE A NUCLEUS BUT CONTAIN LARGE AMOUNTS OF HEMOGLOBIN, A RED PIGMENT THAT BINDS OXYGEN.

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HEMOGLOBIN

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SUBSTANCE IN RBC CONSISTING OF THE PROTEIN GLOBIN AND IRON-CONTAINING RED PIGMENT HEME THAT TRANSPORTS OXYGEN AND CO2 IN BLOOD

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HEME

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A RINGLIKE NONPROTEIN PIGMENT

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GLOBIN

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PROTEIN CONSISTING OF FOUR POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS; A RING LIKE NONPROTEIN PIGMENT.

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WHITE BLOOD CELLS

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HAVE A NUCLEI WITH DIFFERENT SHAPES AND DEFEND THE BODY FROM PATHOGENS AND CANCEROUS CELLS.

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SOMATIC CELL DIVISION

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HAPPENS WHEN ONE CELL DIVIDES TO PRODUCE TWO REPLICAS.

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CELL CYCLE

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A PERIOD DURING WHICH A CELL GROWS AND DIVIDES INTO TWO DAUGHTER CELLS.

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INTERPHASE

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PERIOD DURING WHICH CELL CONDUCTS NORMAL ACTIVITY, GROWS, AND PREPARES TO DIVIDE.

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MITOTIC PHASE

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CELL IS DIVIDING.

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MITOSIS

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NUCLEAR DIVISION OF CELLS

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CYTOKINESIS

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CYTOPLASMIC DIVISION INTO TWO GENETICALLY IDENTICAL DAUGHTER CELLS.

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PROPHASE ( FIRST PHASE OF MITOSIS)

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NUCLEOLUS AND NUCLEAR MEMBRANE DISAPPEARS; CHROMATIN CONDENSES INTO CHROMOSOMES; CENTRIOLES MOVE TO OPPOSITE POLES; SPINDLE FIBERS FORM.

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METAPHASE (SECOND PHASE OF MITOSIS)

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CHROMOSOMES LINE UP AT METAPHASAL PLATE; SPINDLE FIBERS ATTACH TO CENTROMERES OF CHROMATIDS.

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GLOBIN

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PROTEIN CONSISTING OF FOUR POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS; A RING LIKE NONPROTEIN PIGMENT.

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WHITE BLOOD CELLS

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HAVE A NUCLEI WITH DIFFERENT SHAPES AND DEFEND THE BODY FROM PATHOGENS AND CANCEROUS CELLS.

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SOMATIC CELL DIVISION

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HAPPENS WHEN ONE CELL DIVIDES TO PRODUCE TWO REPLICAS.

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CELL CYCLE

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A PERIOD DURING WHICH A CELL GROWS AND DIVIDES INTO TWO DAUGHTER CELLS.

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INTERPHASE

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PERIOD DURING WHICH CELL CONDUCTS NORMAL ACTIVITY, GROWS, AND PREPARES TO DIVIDE.

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MITOTIC PHASE

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CELL IS DIVIDING.

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MITOSIS

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NUCLEAR DIVISION OF CELLS

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CYTOKINESIS

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CYTOPLASMIC DIVISION INTO TWO GENETICALLY IDENTICAL DAUGHTER CELLS.

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PROPHASE ( FIRST PHASE OF MITOSIS)

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NUCLEOLUS AND NUCLEAR MEMBRANE DISAPPEARS; CHROMATIN CONDENSES INTO CHROMOSOMES; CENTRIOLES MOVE TO OPPOSITE POLES; SPINDLE FIBERS FORM.

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METAPHASE (SECOND PHASE OF MITOSIS)

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CHROMOSOMES LINE UP AT METAPHASAL PLATE; SPINDLE FIBERS ATTACH TO CENTROMERES OF CHROMATIDS.

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ANAPHASE ( 3RD PHASE OF MITOSIS)

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CHROMATIDS OF CHROMOSOMES SEPARATE; MOVE TO OPPOSITE POLES.

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TELOPHASE ( FOURTH PHASE OF MITOSIS)

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CELL REVERSES PROPHASE ACTIVITIES.

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BLASTULA

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EARLY EMBRYONIC STAGE IN WHICH CELLS ARE DIVIDING RAPIDLY; PROVIDING MANY CELLS IN DIFFERENT STAGES OF MITOSIS.