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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter
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Anything that has mass and takes space.
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Energy
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Anything that brings about a change in mass.
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Energy
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Can hold matter together or break it apart.
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Atoms
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All matter is made up of these.
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Three particles in an atom.
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Proton, neutron, electron.
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Nucleus
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The center of the atom, made up of protons and neutrons.
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Protons
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A subatomic particle with a positive charge.
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What is the atomic mass unit (AMU) of a a proton?
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1
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Neutron
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A subatomic particle with no (neutral) charge.What io
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What is the atomic mass unit (AMU) of a a neutron?
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1 (equal to a proton)
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Electron Cloud
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The area of the atom surrounding the nucleus in which electrons can be found.
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Electrons
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Subatomic particle with a negative charge.
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The mass of how many electrons equals the mass of one proton?
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1837
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Electrons
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The only part of an atom involved in chemical reactions.
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Element
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A substance made up of only one type of atom.
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An element can be broken down into simpler form True or False?
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True
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What are the six elements that make up 99% of living matter?
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SPONCH:
Sulphur Phosphorus Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon Hydrogen |
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How many letters in an element's chemical symbol on the periodic table?
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1 or 2 letters.
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What does the periodic table tell us about the elements?
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State of matter
Chemical symbol Electron configuration Atomic mass Atomic number Metal, metalloid, or nonmetal |
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Compund
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A substance made up of two or more elements.
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Compounds
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Have different properties than the elements they are made of.
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What is another name for sodium chloride?
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Salt
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Chemical Bond
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The forces that hold and atom together in a compound.
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Covalent Bond
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A bond that forms when atoms SHARE electrons in their outer energy levels.
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Covalent Bonds
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Are formed between the atoms of two non metals.
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Covalent Molecule
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A group of atoms formed by covalent bonds.
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Covalent Molecule
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Usually consist of atoms combined in a definite ratio.
Examples: H2O, CO, CO2, H2O2, etc. |
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Ionic Bond
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A bond that forms when atoms EXCHANGE electrons from their outer energy levels.
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Ions
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Atoms that have become positively or negatively charged.
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Anion
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A negatively charged ion. Usually non metal.
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Cation
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When an ion loses electrons and becomes positively charged. Usually metals.
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Ionic Compounds
Why are ions attracted to each other? |
Because they they opposite charges.
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Ionic Compound
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Is always neutral. Examples Na=Cl = NaCl, Mg2+O2=MgO etc.
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Organic Compounds
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Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen,
Associated with living things. Large, complex molecular compounds. |
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Four types of organic compounds?
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Carbohydrates
Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids |
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Carbohydrates
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Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
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Lipids
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Carbon, hydrogen, and phosphorus.
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Proteins
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Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur.
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Nucleic Acids
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Carbon, Oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus.
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Inorganic Compounds
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Made from elements other than carbon.
Usually contain fewer atoms. Some are necessary for life. Examples: H2O, CO2, O2 etc. |
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What is a combination in which individual substances retain there properties
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mixtures
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In which mixture are the components evenly mixed
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homogeneous mixture
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examples of homogeneous mixtures (you cannot see the individual components)
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koolaid
salt and water |
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a type of micture in which one substance is dissolved into another
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solution (salt water)
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A type of mixture in which particles may be seen in a beam of light
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dust in air
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The components of the mixture are not mixed evenly, you can see all the components
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hetergeneous mixture
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give an example of a hetergeneous mixture
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cereal
milk shake |
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a type of mixture in which a liquid or gas has another substance (example i fleft undisturbed one substance will sink and the other one goes to the top)
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suspension
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give an example of a suspension
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muddy water,
sand in water italian drsg |
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a mixture made of of two liquids that do not mix evenly
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oil and water
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if you change the amount of the components in a mixture will you change what the mixture is
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no because it always stays the same
ex muddy water stays the same no mater how much water and dirt |
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what is the most important inorganic compound to life
scientist believe that life on earth started with this |
water
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you need water to survive how long could you live without water
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3 days
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how long could you live without food
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3 weeks
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what is more important to survive food or water
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water
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this inorganic compound is unique in that it can be found in all 3 states (gas, liquid and solid)
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water
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what is the most commen solvent
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water
it can dissolve another substance with it |
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what is less dense when it freezes
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water which makes ice float on water
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water has a high specific index what can it do
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it can absorb alot of energy and hold on to it for a long time
(boiling water) |
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water is attracted to other things what is this called
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adhesion
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allows water to move through the blood vessels in our body
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capillary action
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water is attracted to water
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cohesion
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cohesion (water attracted to water) at the surface
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surface tension
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the movement of substances through the cell membrane without the input of energy
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passive transport
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what are th two kinds of passive transport
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osmosis and diffusion
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what is diffusion
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molecules move from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
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what is osmosis
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water moves from a higher concentration to a lower concentration
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what is it when molecules of a substance continue to move from one area to another until the molecules are equal on both sides
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equilibrum
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what are the four key factors that affect diffusion
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concentration the higher this is the longer it takes
temperature increase in this means things move faster pressure the higher the pressure the faster particles move agitation (movement of particles) increase in agitation the faster particles move |
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what is the passive transport of materials across the plasma membrane that requires the use of transport proteins
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facilitated diffusion
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what particle is two large to pass through the cell membrane without the assit of transport proteins
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glucose
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in Osmosis how does water move
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in the opposite direction of the particles
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why does osmosis occur
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because some particles cannnot move through the semipermeable membrane
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What is it when energy is required to move a material though a cell membrane
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active transport
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what is it that moves a substance from a lower concentration to a higher concentration
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active transport (it requires energy)
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In active trasport what is used to move molecules from a lower concentration to a higher concentration)
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transport proteins
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the process of taking in substances into a cell by surrounding it with a cell membrane
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endocytosis
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example of endocytosis
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one celled organism eating
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the contents of a vesicle are released to the outsie fo the cell
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exocytosis
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example of exocytosis
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stomach acid
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what are the three types of active cellular transport
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active transport
exocytosis endocytosis |
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what are the 6 magical properties of water
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can be in all 3 states gas, liquid, solid
solvent expands when frozen high specific heat adhesion cohesion |
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draw an atom with charges
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proton (+) and neutron (0) in middle
electron cloud around with electrons (-) |
