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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cytoplasm Is between the nucleus and the cell membrane. |
It is a thick substance made of water, gas, and waste. Function: the cytoplasm flows within cells and "holds" organelles |
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum It attaches to the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane. |
It is a double membrane that lies parrallel to one another (rough ER). Function: No ribosomes attach to it even though it provides a for them to. It is a system of canals, allowing material to pass through the cytoplasm. |
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum It attaches to the cellmembrane and the nuclear membrane. |
It is a double membrane that lies parrallel to one another (smooth ER). Funtion: Has ribosomes attached to its surface that is provided. It is a system of canals, allowing material to pass through the cytoplasm. |
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Ribosomes They attach to the (rough) endoplasmic reticulum. |
They appear granular and contain large amounts of RNA (ribonucleic acid). Funtion: They contain enzymes that control protein synthesis (to make). |
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Mitochondria They are between the nucleus and cell membrane. |
They are rod shaped and made of oxygen, they also have two membranes where each layer contains protein and fat. The inner membrane forms long inward folds called cristae which increases the surface area. Function: They are the center of respiration in the cell, thehy use the oxygen to make energy. They also help control the amount of water in the cytoplasm. Also involved in the break down of sugars, fatty acids and amino acids.
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Lysosomes They are located in the cytoplasm, and are known as the stomach of the cell, the "suicide sac." |
They are a simple, single membrane that contain enzymes. These enzymes are very concentrated, if one ruptured it would destroy the whole cell. Function: The enzymes they contain cause the digestion proteins. Its job is to break down or up any proteins and/or molecules. |
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Golgi Apparatus It is located close to the endoplasmic reticulum and goes to the cell's membrane to be exported. |
It looks like flattened sacs, they are seperated by membranes and it recieves molecules of protein from the endoplasmic reticulum. Function: It acts as a protein package factory, it wraps a large number of protein molecules into a single bundle. This is how hormones, enzymes and other types of protein are secreted. |
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Vacuole Is located between the nucleus and cell membrane. In plants it is very large and filled with fluid but in animals there are several and they are smaller. |
They are filled with fluid that is mainly water and may contain food or waste. Function: The vacular mambrane controls movement of molecules from vacuole then into the cell. |
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Chloroplast Is inbetween cell membrane and the nucleus. Is ONLY in plants. |
It contains chlorophyll which is a green pigment. This is where photosynthesis occurs. Function: To convert the sun's energy into carbohydrates.
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Cell Wall It is located on the outside of the cell. Is ONLY in plants. |
The primary wall is made up of protein and cellulose. There is a middle lamella which is jelly like. The cell wall is non-living. Function: It protects and supports. The primary wall is thin on both sides of the middle lamella. Only some plants have the secondary wall which is what wood has. |
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Nucleus Is generally in the center. It is like the brain of the cell. |
It is made of nuclear membrane. Function: It is the control center for all the cell activities, also taking part in controlling cell division. |
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Nuclear Membrane It surounds the nucleus and is a thin, double membrane. |
Function: It allows certian substances to pass from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. |
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Nucleoplasm Is inside the nuclear membrane. |
It is a thick fluid substance that is rich in protein. Function: Is to hold the nucleoulus in place. |
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Nucleolus Is located inside the nucleus. |
It takes part in protein synthesis. Function: To produce ribososmes. |
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Chromosome/ Chromatin It is located inside the nucleus.
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It is a granular material that is made up of genes (which is DNA and protein). During reproduction chromatin shortens and thickens into rods called chromosomes. Function: It controls the activities of the cell, informationon heredity, structure and function. |
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Cell Membrane Plant- inside of the cell wall Animal- the outside of the cell |
It is two layers each, not solid, and contains proteins and lipids. Function: Has "pores" to allow certain substances into and/or out of the cell |
