Cell Division Bio Test

Front 1

Nuclear envelope

Back 1

A membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells

Front 2

Chromatin

Back 2

Composed of dna, the material of which the chromosomes of eukaryotic organisms are composed of

Front 3

Chromosome

Back 3

Single linear or circular leave of DNA that contains some or all of an organisms genes (X shape)

Front 4

Centromere

Back 4

The part of a chromosome that ties together the two chromatids (center of the X)

Front 5

Sister chromatids

Back 5

The identical copies (chromatids) formed by the DNA replication of a chromosome, with both copies joined together by a common centromere

Front 6

Spindle fibers

Back 6

A protein structure that depresses the genetic material in a cell (oval shaped with lines and X’s on it)

Front 7

Mitosis

Back 7

Cell division type that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind chromosomes as the parent nucleus typical of ordinary tissue growth

Front 8

Where does mitosis take place and what is it used for

Back 8

Cell division takes place in body cells and is used for growth, repair, and a type of asexual reproduction in some organisms

Front 9

Interphase

Back 9

The longest phase of the cell cycle in which the well will grow larger and replicate its DNA to prepare for cell division

Front 10

Prophase

Back 10

1st phase of mitosis in which chromosome condense becoming visible the nuclear membrane dissolves and the centrosome move to opposite ends of the nucleus and form spindle fibers

Front 11

Metaphase

Back 11

Chromosomes line up along and imaginary line in the middle of the cell

Front 12

Anaphase

Back 12

Spindle fibers being to shorten separating the sister chromatids and pulling them to opposite ends of the cell

Front 13

Telophase

Back 13

Genetic material and been separated and the nuclear membrane begins to reform to create two separate but identical nuclei

Front 14

Cytokinesis

Back 14

When the cell is fully separated into two identical daughter cells

Front 15

G1 phase

Back 15

The cell grows larger, makes new proteins, and develops organelles, there’s a checkpoint that makes sure there is the required machinery for dna synthesis

Front 16

Synthesis phase

Back 16

The phase of the cell cycle that dna is replicated

Front 17

G2 phase

Back 17

Last phase before cell enters mitosis, growth and preparation for mitosis, checkpoint at the end to determine if the cell has required parts to divide

Front 18

Parent/daughter cells

Back 18

At the end of mitosis, Tao identical daughter cells are created from one parent cell -since identical they are a diploid

Front 19

Diploid

Back 19

2 sets of each chromosome (one maternal one paternal)

Front 20

What does the cell cycle allow to happen

Back 20

To grow, heal and maintain your vital tissues and organs

Front 21

What is the G0 phase

Back 21

It’s the resting phase, when the cell has exited the cell cycle, but can renter when triggered to divide again

Front 22

What is a mature cell that will no longer divide

Back 22

Neuron

Front 23

What type of cells can only perform the states of the cell cycle

Back 23

Eukaryotic

Front 24

What does differentiate mean

Back 24

Become a distinct type of cell

Front 25

What kind of cell division to prokaryotic cells undergo

Back 25

Binary fission

Front 26

What is binary fission

Back 26

Form of asexual reproduction resulting in two identical cells.

Front 27

What can disruptions (mutations) in the cell cycle lead to

Back 27

Diseases and disorders

Front 28

Cancer cells have what gene

Back 28

P53

Front 29

How does cancer develop

Back 29

When the cell cycle goes unchecked and cells begin to grow and divide uncontrollably

Front 30

What kind of tumors are cancerous

Back 30

Malignant

Front 31

What is it called when cancer can travel to other part of the body

Back 31

Metastasis

Front 32

What can stem cells be used for

Back 32

To treat certain diseases and conditions such as spinal cord injuries, diabetes, arthritis and heart disease

Front 33

What does it mean that stem cells are undifferentiated and how can they be used

Back 33

Have not yet developed special structures or functions, used to replace healthy cells