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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the cell cycle
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is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication).
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prokaryotic cell cycle (easy)
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Binary fission
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Eukaryotic cell cycle
-2 phases of Mitosis |
Interphase: when the cell is not dividing
Mitotic (M) Phase: when the cell is dividing. **both have sub-phases |
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Interphase-subphases
G1, S, and G2 |
G1 (growth 1)-main period of growth, new organelles are formed
S (synthesis): cell duplicates its DNA G2 (growth 2):cell resumes growth and prepares for division in the Mitotic (M) phase, |
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Mitosis - Prophase
chromosomes double and cross over |
1st:chromatin condenses and becomes chromosomes
2nd: nucleolus disappears and nuclear membrane breaks apart. 3rd: mitotic spindles (microtubles) form that will eventually pull the chromosomes apart. Finally the cytoskeleton breaks down & centrioles push spindels to opposite ends of the cell. |
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Mitosis - Prometaphase
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nucleus dissolves and microtubles attach to centromers.
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Mitosis - Metaphase
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chromosomes align at the middle of the cell (metaphase plate)
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Mitosis - Anaphase
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sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides(poles) of the cell. cell begins to elongate toward poles
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Mitosis - Telophase
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(miotic spindles) Microtubles break down. cell division begins. a new nuclear envelope forms at each end of cell. two nuclei form with a FULL set of DNA that is identical to the parent cell.
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Mitosis - Cytokinesis
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cytoplasm and organelles divided between the 2 new cells, completing the process of cell division.
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Cytokinesis is different in animal and plant cells why?
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animal cell form clevage furrow
plant cell form cell plate :to divide the cell. |
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Meiosis
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meiosis is similar to mitosis, but there are two consecutive cell divisions meosis I and II in order to reduce the chromosome number by one half.
Mieosis is preceded by interphase where the chromosome replicates. |
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Meiosis-result
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the result of meiosis is four Haploid cells. haploid cells only have half the number of chromosomes (n) as Diploid cells.
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Mitosis- result
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diploid cells reproduce by mitosis making daughter cells that are exact replicas of the parents. Diploid cells contain two complete sets of chromosomes.
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chromatin
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losely packed substance in the nucleus (DNA)
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Chromosomes
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during cell division chromatin becomes highly dense and folds up to form chromosomes.
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familiar x shaped chromosome
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chromatin DNA is always replicated before becoming condensed chromosomes. therefor the x-shape represents a replicated chromosome consisting of two identical sister chromatids joined at the cetromere.
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Homologues
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chromosomes that contain the same information. they are the same length and contain the same genes. (cell division)
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Mitsosis- overview 4 parts
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1.division of somatic cells
2. two cells result from each division 3.chromosome number is identical to parent cells 4. for cell growth and repair. |
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meisosis- overveiw 4 parts
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1. division of sex cells
2. four cells result from each division 3.chromosome number is half the number of parent cells 4. recombinations provide genetic diversity |
