Cell Communication Ch.6

Front 1

first step of cell signaling

Back 1

Synthesis, release, and transport of signaling molecules

Front 2

Second step of cell signaling

Back 2

Reception Of information by target cells

Front 3

Third step of cell signaling

Back 3

Signal transduction, the process by which a receptor convert an extra cellular signal into an intra-cellular signal and relays a signal, leading to a cellular response

Front 4

Fourth step of cell signaling

Back 4

Response by the cell, for example some metabolic process may be altered

Front 5

Paracrine regulation

Back 5

Any local regulator is a signaling molecule that diffuses through the interstitial fluid, the fluid surrounding the cells, and acts on nearby cells; hormones

Front 6

Direct cell communication

Back 6

Gap junctions in animal cells allow rapid chemical and electrical communication between adjacent cells; cardiac muscle cells the heart wall contract

Front 7

Synaptic cell communication

Back 7

In animal some neurons communicate with electrical signals most neurons however signal one another by releasing chemical compounds called neurotransmitters

Front 8

G protein receptors

Back 8

Transmembrane proteins that extend into the cytosol or outside the cell. These receptors couple specific signaling molecules to signal transduction pathways inside the cell. The tale of the receptor that extends into the cytosol a binding site for a specific G protein, regulatory proteins that binds to GTP

Front 9

Enzyme linked receptors

Back 9

Transmembrane proteins with a binding site for a signaling molecules outside the cell and a binding site for the enzyme inside the cell. Tyrosine Kinases

Front 10

Ion Channel Linked receptors

Back 10

That ion channel opens or in some cases closes

Front 11

Intracellular receptors

Back 11

Located in the cytosol or in the nucleus. There ligands or small, hydrophobic molecules that diffuse across the plasma membrane

Front 12

Transduction pathway

Back 12

Regulatory molecules transmit information to the cells interior without physically crossing the plasma membrane

Front 13

Three types of responses to receptor binding to Ligands

Back 13

1. Ion channels open or close

2. Enzyme activity is altered, Leading to metabolic changes and other effects

3.Genetic activity may be turned on or off