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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Endo Membrane |
The Golgi Complex, SER, and RER important in cell trafficking; always changing (dynamic nature) |
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Exocytic Pathway |
materials can be transferred outside of the cell
vesicles coming from the ER and Golgi, via secretory pathways |
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Endocytic Pathway |
material are transferred into the cell vesicles coming from the plasma membrane |
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What process occurs to form the vesicles in the Exocytic/ Endocytic pathways? |
Budding process |
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What is the purpose of the Cytoskeleton? |
provides the track for movement motor proteins = vesicles and cytoskeleton |
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George Palade |
father of cell biology who 1st visualized key cellular structures with movement; found that when you secret compounds from the cell it can be: Regulated or Constitutive |
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Regulated Secretion |
secretion is controlled under cell responses occurs in endocrine cells (hormone), pancreatic acinar cells (digestion), and nerve cells (neurotransmitters) |
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Methods to Trace Cell Movement |
Autoradiography -- uses radioisotopes Molecular probes -- can be made (naturally) or chemically synthesized GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) -- pigment from jellyfish that fluoresces green Gene Knockout -- remove a portion of a protein and it does not move to its normal location; a pileup occurs |
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SRP (Signal Recognition Particle) |
contains a leader seq. and a target seq. every protein has an SRP goes from N terminus |
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Free Ribosome |
usually stays in cytoplasm (some organelles like mitochondria, chloroplast, and nucleus) |
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RER Properties |
Flattened sacs (cisternae) Continguous to the nuclear membrane Ribosomes attached Produces proteins that will be transmembrane protein or protein released to ECM More dense than SER |
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SER |
Tubular Detoxification = enzymes oxygenase Hormone production Ca2+ storage = Ca2+ channels |
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Translation into the RER |
SRP of protein bonds to a SRP receptor along with a Translocon which allows the binding of polypeptide and ribosome to ER |
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Translocon |
bonds to SRP receptor on the outer membrane of the RER site of budding until it breaks away |
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Glycosylation |
occurs in the lumen of RER, the protein suffers post-translational modification |
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ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Complex) |
buds fuse together and form this |
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Anterograde Movement |
the movement from the RER --> Golgi complex |
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Retrograde Movement |
the movement from the Golgi Complex --> RER misfolded proteins or due to any other reason, proteins go back to the RER where they're broken down |
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Cis Gogli Network (CGN) |
functions to sort proteins for the ER or the next Golgi station |
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Trans Golgi Network (TGN) |
functions in sorting proteins either to the membrane or various intracellular destinations |
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Coated Vesicle Types |
COP1, COP2, & Clathrin-Coated Vesicles |
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COP1 |
move materials from ERGIC and Golgi "backwards (retrograde)" to ER, or from the TGN to the CGN |
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COP2 |
move materials from the ER "forward (anterograde)" to the ERGIC and Golgi complex |
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Clathrin-Coated Vesicles |
move materials from the Golgi Network to Endosomes, Lysosomes, and Plant Vacuoles |
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Targeting Vesicles |
Docking Vesicles: SNARE's (v-SNARE and t-SNARE) |
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v-SNARE and t-SNARE |
v-SNARE -- incorporated into vesicles t-SNARE -- located in the target cell responsible for fusion b/t vesicle and target membranes; interaction pulls 2 lipid bilayers together |
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Post-Translational Modification involving Docking Vesicles |
v-SNARE, Mannose-6-P, and Mannose-6-P-Receptors |
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Cisternal Maturation vs. Vesicle-Mediated Transport |
Cisternal Maturation -- protein stays within a single Golgi cisterna, which is remodeled and changes position Vesicle-Mediated Transport -- Golgi cisternae stays in place while cargo is transported |
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Phagocytosis and Endocytosis |
Phagocytosis -- "cell eating"** **phagosome and phagolysosome Endocytosis -- materials transferred into the cell |
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Vacuole |
controls the osmotic potential; membrane bound, fluid filled compartment Tonoplast -- vacuole membrane that contains an active transport system; single membrane |
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Posttranslational Uptake of Proteins in Cell Membrane |
protein travels from RER --> Golgi --> to attach to the cell membrane and becomes an integral protein |
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Posttranslational Uptake of Proteins in ECM
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protein travels from RER --> Golgi --> then the vesicle bonds to the cell membrane and releases the proteins outside the cell |
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Posttranslational Uptake of Proteins in Lysosomes
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cross the membrane from the cytosol into the organelles lumen |
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Posttranslational Uptake of Proteins in Nucleus, Mitochondria, Peroxysome, and Chloroplasts
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free proteins (from the free ribsosome) move freely into/ out of these organelles |
