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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleus |
Contains genome; surrounded by the nuclear membrane (double membrane); contains nucleolus--where ribosomal RNA is synthesized |
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Nucleolus |
Subsection of the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is synthesized; takes up 25% of the volume of the nucleus |
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Mitochondria |
Power plant of the cell; outer membrane and inner membrane--ETC on the inner membrane; semi- autonomous-- contain their own genes and replicate independently of nucleus; release of enzymes from the ETC start apoptosis |
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Lysosome |
organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes that are capable of breaking down many different substrates; release of these enzymes can cause cell to undergo autolysis |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) |
series of interconnected membranes that are actually contiguous with the nuclear envelope rough ER (RER) -- studded with ribosomes, which permit translation of proteins smooth ER (SER) -- lacks ribosomes and is primarily used for lipid synthesis |
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Golgi apparatus |
consists of stacked membrane-bound sacs; materials from the ER are transferred to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles; products are modified by the addition of various groups, including carbohydrates, phosphates, and sulfates; can also add signal sequences which direct delivery; cellular products are re-packaged in vesicles -- products secreted are released via exocytosis |
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Peroxisome |
contain hydrogen peroxide; primary function is the 1) breakdown of very long chain fatty acids via B-oxidation; participate in 2) synthesis of phospholipids; 3) contain some of the enzymes involved in the pentose phosphate pathway |
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Microfilaments |
made up of polimerized rods of actin; organized into bundles and networks both resistant to to compression and fracture; plays a role in muscle with myosin; plays a role in cytokinesis during the cleavage furrow |
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Microtubules |
Hollow polymers of tubulin protein; provide pathways along which motor proteins like kinesin and dynein carry vesicles;
Cilia and flagella are motile structures composed of microtubules composed of a 9+2 microtubule structure (q outside + 2 middle)
Centriole -- in the region of the cell called the centrosome |
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Intermediate filaments |
involved in cell-cell adhesion or maintenance of the overall integrity of the cytoskeleton; help anchor organelles and make the cell more rigid;
proteins include: keratin, desmin, vimentin, and lamins |
