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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the transfer of a.a.#2 to the a.a#1 and
subsequent formation of the peptide bond. |
P E P T I D Y L T R A N S F E R A S E
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One of several small, highly conserved
basic proteins, found in the chromatin of all eukaryotic cells, that associate with DNA in the nucleosome. |
H I S T O N E S
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When sister chromatids (homologous
chromatids) are not available to help repair double-strand breaks, nucleotide sequences are butted together that were not apposed in the unbroken DNA (are non-homologous). |
E N D - J O I N I N G
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The sequence ofnucleotide triplets
(codons) that runs from a specific translation start codon in an mRNA to a stop codon. Some mRNAs can be translated into different polypeptides by reading in two different reading frames. |
R E A D I N G F R A M E
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Short fragments (<1000 bases), singlestranded
DNA fragments that are formed during synthesis of the lagging strand in DNA replication and are rapidly joined by DNA ligase to form a continuous DNA strand. |
O K A Z A K I
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A DNA repair mechanism that fixes
DNA regions containing chemically modified bases that distort the normal shape of the DNA. This mechanism repairs thymine-thymine dimers |
N U C L E O T I D E E X C I S I O N R E P A I R
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catalyze the acylation rxn that places
the amino acid coded by the anticodon loop to the appropriate tRNA; charges the tRNA with the correct amino acid |
A M I N O A C Y L T R N A S Y N T H E T A S E
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An enzyme that copies one strand of
DNA (the template strand) to make the complementary strand, forming a new double-stranded DNA molecule. |
D N A P O L Y M E R A S E
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a common type of DNA damage
caused by UV light. |
T H Y M I N E D I M E R S
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Sequence of three nucleotides in a
tRNA that is complementary to a codon in an mRNA. During protein synthesis, base pairing between a codon and anticodon aligns the tRNA carrying the corresponding amino acid for addition to the growing polypeptide chain. |
A N T I C O D O N
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A short nucleic acid sequence
containing a free 3'-hydroxyl group that forms base pairs with a complementary template strand and functions as the starting point for addition of nucleotides to copy the template strand. |
P R I M E R
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site where the tRNAiMET binds and
remains UNTIL the TERMINATION codon is reached. |
P -S I T E
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Y-shaped region in double stranded
DNA at which the 2 strands are separated and replicated during DNA synthesis. |
R E P L I C A T I O N F O R K
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Any DNA sequence that is not present
in the same chromosomal location in all individuals of aspecies and can move to a new position by transposition |
T R A N S P O S A B L E D N A E L E M E N T
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One copy of a replicated chromosome,
formed during the S phase of the cell cycle, that is joined at the centromere to the other copy |
C H R O M A T I D
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Part of a primary transcript (or the DNA
encoding it) that is removed by splicing during RNA processing and is not included in the mature, functional mRNA, rRNA, or tRNA |
I N T R O N S
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Exit site; site where terminal charged
tRNA binds. |
E -S I T E
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Complex of DNA, histones, and
nonhistone proteins from which eukaryotic chromosomes are formed. |
C H R O M A T I N
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referring to how eukaryotic DNA is
orgainzed such that each mRNA molecule produced by a gene sequence encodes a single protein |
M O N O C I S T R O N I C
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DNA sequence that is similar to that of
a functional gene but does not encode a functional product; probably arose by sequence drift of duplicated genes. |
Pseudo gene
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Regions of chromatin that remain highly
condensed and transcriptionally inactive during interphase. |
Hetero Chromatin
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Repair mechanism for double stranded
breaks that result in two homologous chromosomes being ligated back togehter. |
Homologous recombination repair
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organized such that each mRNA
include the coding region for several proteins that function together in a biological process |
Polycistronic
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One of the two daughter DNA strands
formed at a replication fork by continuous synthesis in the 5' to 3' direction. The direction of leadingstrand synthesis is the same as movement of the replication fork. |
Leading
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Sequence of three nucleotides in DNA
or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid during protein synthesis; also called triplet. Of the 64 possible codons, three are stop codons, which do not specify amino acids and cause termination of synthesis. |
Codon
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Referring to two nucleic acid
sequences or strands that can form perfect base pairs with each other. |
Complementary
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Less condensed portions of chromatin
present in interphase chromosomes; includes most transcriptionally active regions |
Euchromatin
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type of eukaryotic transposable DNA
element whose movement in the genome is mediated by an RNA intermediate and involves a reverse transcription step |
Retro transposon
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Segment of a eukaryotic gene (or of its
primary transcript) that reaches the cytoplasm as part of a mature mRNA, rRNA, or tRNA molecule. |
Exon
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Structural unit of chromatin consisting
of a disk-shaped core of histone proteins around which a 147-bp segment of DNA is wrapped. |
Nucleosome
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genes (i.e., new combinations of exons)
from preexisting ones by recombination between introns of two separate genes or by transposition of mobile DNA elements. |
exon shuffling
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Short, tandemly repeated sequences
that are found at centromeres and telomeres as well as at other chromosomal locations and are not transcribed |
Satellite DNA
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Comparative analysesof the complete
genomic sequences from different organisms and determination of global patterns of gene expression; used to assess evolutionary relations among species and to predict the number and general types of RNAs produced by an organism. |
Genomics
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One of the two daughter DNA strands
formed at a replication fork as short, discontinuous segments (Okazaki fragments), which are synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction and later joined. |
Lagging
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1969 –1973, Who was instated as the first MCPOCG
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BMCM Charles L. Calhoun
(EPME, E4-8) |