Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Motor Proteins |
Proteins that move along microtubules. Require ATP |
|
|
Kinesin |
- Plus end directed motor protein (anterograde movement). - Made up of two heavy chains (head, neck, and stalk) and two light chains (variable, small) - Heavy chains - ATPase activity & MT binding ability - Light chains - recognize cargo - One head passes the other. Each head moves 16nm over the other (total of 32nm) |
|
|
Kinesin 1 |
Conventional kinesin (two heavy chains, two light chains). Light chains bind to cargo. For organelle transport. |
|
|
Kinesin 5 |
No light chains; two pairs of heavy chains on either end. Binds in between microtubules. Involved in microtubule sliding. |
|
|
Kinesin 13 |
Rips apart dimers from ends using ATP |
|
|
Dynein |
- Minus end directed motor protein (retrograde transport) - Heavy chain heads have ATPase activity and stalk - binds cargo through the dynactin hetero complex |
|
|
Dynactin |
Binds cargo once attached to dynactin binding region on the stem of dynein. Creates a dynactin hetero complex |
|
|
Cilia |
- Sweeps material across tissue; 2-10um - Also used in signalling; cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin is regularly travelling up and down cilia/flagella |
|
|
Flagella |
- Involved in the movement of cells; 10-2000um - Also used in signalling; cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin is regularly travelling up and down cilia/flagella |
|
|
Axoneme |
- The underlying structure of cilia and flagella - Made up of 9 doublet microtubules, with 2 singlets in the middle |
|
|
Nexin |
Protein in axoneme; links the 9 doublets together |
|
|
Radial Spokes |
Protein in axoneme; holds doublets in place, in a ring |
|
|
Axonemal Dynein |
Attached to A tubule, stick out towards B tubule of the next doublet. With ATP, dynein will naturall move to the minus end the tubule will slide. But because it's attached to basal bodies and nexin, it causes bending. |
|
|
Basal Bodies |
- Microtubule organization centre found at the base of cilia/flagella - Made up of triplet microtubules; number of triplets is the same as number of doublets in axoneme - Transition zone - where we lose C tubule. Go from triplet to doublet, and gain the two singlets |
|
|
Karyokinesis |
- Part of mitosis - Dividing genetic material - Carried out by microtubules |
|
|
Cytokinesis |
- Part of mitosis - Diving cytoplasm - Carried out by actin |
|
|
Stability of microtubules in interphase vs. mitosis |
Microtubules are stable during interphase and unstable during mitosis |
|
|
Mitotic Apparatus |
Used to split chromosomes apart during mitosis |
|
|
Mitotic Poles |
- Part of mitotic apparatus - Used to be centrosome, now a different microtubule organizing centre |
|
|
Astromicrotubules |
The microtubules leaving mitotic poles, away from the other pole; attached to dynein |
|
|
Spindle |
The microtubules leaving the mitotic poles, towards the other pole; attached to kinesin |
|
|
Kinetochore |
Proteins found on the centromere of chromosomes Has two parts: inner and outer. Outer is what binds microtubules but not right at the plus end |
|
|
Kinetochore Microtubule |
Spindle microtubule attached to kinetochores; note: plus end is free and dynamic |
|
|
Polar Microtubules |
Spindle microtubule not attached to kinetochores |
|
|
ndc80 |
A protein in the kinetochore. If microtubules are bound from both sides, there's tension. If there is no tension (mt's are not bound from both sides), this protein is phosphorylated and the mt is detached from the kinetochore. |
|
|
Metaphase |
When chromosomes attach to microtubules and then line up in the middle of cell. Attaching involves ndc80, and lining up involves motor proteins and polymerization/depolymerization of mt's. |
|
|
Anaphase A |
Moving chromosomes to their respective pole. Requires kinetochore microtubule shortening at the plus end. |
|
|
Anaphase B |
Moving poles away from each other. Requires the motor proteins kinesin-5 (in the overlap of polar mt's) and dynein (on astromicrotubules) |
