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126 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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** Functions **
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** Functions **
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Sense of smell
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Olfactory I
Special Sensory |
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Visual Input from Eye
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Optic II
Special Sensory |
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Motor for ocular system
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Oculomotor III
Sensory EFFerent |
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Pupil constriction
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Oculomotor III
Visceral EFFerent |
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Innervates medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique
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Oculomotor III
Sensory EFFerent |
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Innervates Superior Oblique
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Trochlear IV
Sensory EFFerent |
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Sensation from face
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Trigeminal V
Sensory AFFerent |
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Sensation from Cornea
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Trigeminal V
Sensory AFFerent |
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Sensation from teeth, gum, palate
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Trigeminal V
Sensory AFFerent |
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General Sensation from anterior 2/3 of tongue
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Tigeminal V
Sensory AFFerent |
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Innervates muscles of mastication
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Trigeminal V
Branchial EFFerent |
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Innervates Lateral Rectus
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Abducens VI
Sensory AFFerent |
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Facial expression
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Facial VII
Branchial Efferent |
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Innervates platysmus and stapedius
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Facial VII
Branchial Efferent |
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Innervates TASTE to anterior 2/3 of tongue
via which nerve |
Facial VII
Visceral AFFerent via chorda tympany |
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Innervates submandibular, sublingual and lacrimal glands
via which nerve |
Facial VII
Visceral EFFerent via Nervus intermedius (Parasympathetic) |
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Auditory and vestibular input from inner ear
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Vestibulocochlear (acoustic) VIII
Special Sensory |
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Innervates parotid gland (parasympathetic)
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Glossopharyngeal IX
Visceral EFFerent |
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General sensation from posterior 1/3 of tongue + soft palate
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Glossopharyngeal IX
Visceral AFFerent |
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General sensation from auditory tube (eustachian tube)
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Glossopharyngeal IX
Visceral AFFerent |
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Sensory input from carotid bodies and sinus
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Glossopharyngeal IX
Visceral AFFerent |
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Taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue
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Glossopharyngeal IX
Visceral AFFerent |
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Innervates stylopharyngeus muscle
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Glossopharyngeal IX
Branchial EFFerent |
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Innervates soft palate and pharynx
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Vagus X
Branchial Efferent |
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Autonomic control of thoracic and abdominal viscera
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Vagus X
Visceral EFFerent |
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Sensory innervation for external auditory meatus
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Vagus X
Sensory AFFerent |
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Sensation from abdominal and thoracic viscera
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Vagus X
Visceral AFFerent |
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Motor innervation to SCM and trapezius
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Spinal Accesory XI
Branchial EFFerent In ventral horns of C2-5 |
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Motor innervation to muscles of Tongue and to hyoid bone
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Hypoglossal XII
Sensory EFFerent |
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** Ganglions **
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** Ganglions **
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Ciliary Ganglion
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Oculomotor III
Visceral EFFerent (Parasympathetic) |
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Pterygopalatine Ganglion
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Facial VII
Visceral EFFerent (Parasympathetic) |
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Submandibular Ganglion
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Facial VII
Visceral EFFerent (Parasympathetic) |
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Otic Ganglion
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Glossopharyngeal IX
Visceral EFFerent (Parasympathetic) |
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Intramural Ganglion (in viscus)
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Vagus X
Visceral EFFerent |
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Semilunar Ganglion
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Trigeminal V
Sensory AFFerent |
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Geniculate Ganglion
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Facial VII
Visceral AFFerent (Taste) |
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Inferior and Superior Ganglions
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Glossopharyngeal IX &
Vagus X Sensory AFFerent, Visceral AFFerent (Taste) |
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Spiral Ganglion
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Vestibulocochlear VIII (cochlear)
Special Sensory |
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If you have a lesion in the ANTERIOR fossa, what should you test?
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The pt's sense of SMELL
and ability to distinguish smells |
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The odor of an alcohol wipe can be distinguished at how far away?
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10 cm
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How far away should you stand from the pt. when doing the visual field test
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8-12 inches
eye to eye |
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What does an impairment in visual fields indicate?
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Scotoma
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Which CN holds the position of the eyelids?
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Oculomotor III
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Ptosis involves palsy of which nerve?
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Oculomotor III
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Which nerve provides sensation of cornea?
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Trigeminal V
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Which nerve controls full lid closure?
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Facial, VII
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What frequency tuning fork should you use for Weber and Rinne?
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512
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Hearing loss:
Weber - Sound localized to NORMAL ear Rinne: + |
Sensorineural Loss
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Hearing Loss:
Weber: Sound localizes to BAD ear Rinne: (-) |
Conduction Hearing loss
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Hearing loss:
Rinne: Air > Bone conduction |
Sensorineural hearing loss
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Hearing loss:
Rinne: Bone > Air conduction |
Conduction loss
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Sensorineural hearing loss involves which nerve?
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Vestibulocochlear, 8
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When you have the pt shrug their shoulders and turn head against resistance, which nerve are you testing?
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Spinal accessory, XI, 11
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If the tongue deviates to one side, which side is weak?
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The same side of deviation
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Which nerve is impaired with significant tongue deviation
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Hypoglossal (XII)
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If the uvula deviates to one side, which side is affected/ weak?
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The opposite side is weak
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Which nerve is impaired in uVula deviation?
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Vagus X
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Pt. with hoarseness - suspect what problem?
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Medullary or Vagus nerve disease
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** Descending Tracts **
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** Descending Tracts **
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Fine motor function
Controld DISTAL muscles Modulation of sensory fxns |
Lateral Corticospinal (pyramidal) Tract
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Where does the Lateral Corticospinal tract orginate?
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Motor and premotor cortex
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Where does the Lateral Corticospinal tract END?
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on Anterior Horn cells
(Interneurons and LMN's) |
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Where does the Lateral Corticospinal tract cross?
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in Medulla at Pyramidal decussation
tract is located in lateral column |
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Gross and postural motor function
Proximal and Axial muscles |
Anterior corticospinal tract
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Origin of Anterior corticospinal tract
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Motor and premotor cortex
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Anterior corticospinal tract ENDS on
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on Anterior Horn cells
(Interneurons and LMN's) |
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Where does Anterior corticospinal tract cross?
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Uncrossed until AFTER descending, cross closer to the level in the spinal cord
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Function of Rubrospinal tract
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Motor function
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a.) Origin of Rubrospinal tract
b.) ENDS on c.) + Location of tract |
a.) RED NUCLEUS
b.) ends on Ventral Horn interneurons c.) Lateral column |
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Modulation of sensory transmission - esp. pain
Modulation of spinal REFLEXES |
Reticulospinal tract
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Reticulospinal Tract:
a.) Origin b.) Ending c.) Location |
a.) Brain stem reticular formation
b.) Dorsal AND Ventral horn! c.) ANTERIOR column |
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Modulation of autonomic fxns
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Descending autonomic tract
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Descending autonomic tract:
a.) Origin b.) Ending c.) Location |
a.) Hypothalamus, brainstem nuclei
b.) PREganglionic autonomic neurons c.) Lateral columns |
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Reflex head turning
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Tectospinal
Tecto, turning |
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Tectospinal tract:
a.) Origin b.) Ending c.) Location |
a.) Midbrain
b.) Ventral horn interneurons c.) Ventral column |
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Coordination of Head and eye movements
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Medial longitudinal fasciculus
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Medial longitudinal fasciculus
a.) Origin b.) Ending c.) Location |
a.) Vestibular nuclei
b.) Cervical gray c.) Ventral column |
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** Ascending Tracts **
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** Ascending Tracts **
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Fine touch, proprioception, 2 pt discrimination
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Dorsal column system
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Origin of dorsal column pathway
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Skin, joints, tendons
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Dorsal column ends on -
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Dorsal column nuclei
Secondary neuron -> Contralateral Thalamus Cross in Medulla at lemniscal decussation |
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Sharp pain, temperature, crude touch
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Spinothalamic tracts (STT)
aka anterolateral pathway |
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Spinothalamic tract's ORIGIN
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SKIN
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Spinothalamic tract's enging
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Dorsal HORN.
2nd order neurons -> Contralateral thalamus Cross in Spinal cord close to level of entry |
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Location of spinothalamic tract
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ventro-lateral
(anterolateral) |
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Which part of the spinothalamic tract detects sharp pain + temp?
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Lateral STT
Lateral = sharp pain + temp |
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Which part of the spinothalamic tract detects crude touch?
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Anterior STT
Anterior = crude touch |
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2 tracts for movement and position mechanisms
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Dorsal spinocerebellar
Ventral spinocerebellar tract |
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Origin in muscle spindels, golgi tendon organis, touch adn pressure receptors
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Dorsal and Ventral Spinocerebellar tracts
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Travels via Clarke's column
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Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
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Dorsal spinocerebellar ENDS on -
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Cerebellar paleocortex
via IPSILATERAL INFERIOR cerebellar peduncle |
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Ventral Spinocerebellar tract ENDS on -
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Cerebellar paleocortex
via CONTRAlateral and IPSIlateral SUPERIOR cerebellar peduncle |
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DSCT and VSCT are located in
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LATERAL column
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Deep Chronic Pain!
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SpinoRETICULAR pathway
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Spinoreticular's ORIGIN
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Deep somatic structures
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Spinoreticular ENDS on
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Brainstem reticular formation
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Location of Spinoreticular
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Polysynaptic, diffuse pathway
(Ventro-lateral column) |
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Describe the angles of vision superior, inferior, nasally, temporally
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Superior 60 degrees
Inferior 75 Nasally 50 Temporally 100 |
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Receptive fields involve which types of cells?
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Ganglion cells
Lateral geniculate cells Layer 4 cells of cortical Area 17 |
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Which cells respons best to linear stimulus w/ a particular orientation in a specific part of the cell's receptive field?
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Simple Cells
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Which cells respond to linear stimuli w/ particular orientation, but are LESS selective with location in the receptive field
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Complex Cells
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When do complex cells respond maximally?
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When the stimulus is moved latetrally
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Which nerve goes to Contrictor pupillae and ciliary muscles?
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Oculomotor
via Ciliary ganglion |
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Which nerve goes to Cornea sensation
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Trigeminal
via trigeminal ganglion |
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What is the innervation of the Dilator pupillae muscle?
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Sympathetics
via superior cervical ganglion |
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When testing temporalis muscl, and asking pt. to clench their teeth, move their jaw side-to-side what nerve are we testing?
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Trigeminal
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Facial nucleus gets input from the motor cortex on BOTH sides to innervate what part of the face?
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Forehead, upper part
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Facial nucleus gets input form motor cortex from the CONTRAlateral side of the cortex to innervate what part of the face?
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Eyelids, cheek, mouth, Lower face
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Corneal Reflex:
Afferent First synapse Muscle |
Receptor in Cornea
Optic n. II to Spinal nucleus CN V ------ Orbicularis oculi |
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Sucking Reflex:
Afferent First synapse Muscle |
Receptor in Lip
Mandibular n. V3 to Pontine Nucleus CN V ------ Orbicularis ORIS |
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Blink reflex to LIGHT:
Afferent First synapse Muscle |
Receptor in Retina
Oculomotor III to Superior colliculus ------ Orbicularis Oculi |
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Blink Reflex to SOUND:
Afferent First synapse Muscle |
Receptor in Cochlea
Cochlear nucleus to Inferior colliculus ------ Orbicularis oculi |
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Sound reflex
Afferent First synapse Muscle |
Receptor in Cochlea
Cochlear nucleus to Superior Olivary nucleus ------ STAPEDIUS |
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Clockwise rotation of semicircular canals causes flow of endolymph in which direction?
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Opposite, counterclockwise
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Cessation of rotation of semicircular canals causes flow of endolymph in which direction?
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Same, clockwise
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Innervation to the cranial nerve Motor nuclei are mainly -
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Bilateral
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Facial nerve portion that goes to lower face gets __ input from cortex
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Contralateral
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Which nerve innervates the genioglossus m.
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Hypoglossal nerve
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Hypoglossal nucleus to genioglossus m. gets ___ input
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Contralateral
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Nucleus ambiguous neurons to soft palate and uvula get ___ input
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Contralateral
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Spinal accessory gets ___ input
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Ipsilateral
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In the somatosensory pathway, afferents occupy which part of the root ganglion?
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Posterior
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In the somatosensory pathway, describe the 2nd order neurons and 3rd order neurons
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- 2nd order is on the same side as the 1st order neuron
- 3rd order go to somatosensory cortex |
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In the somatosensory pathway, decussation occurs in which neuron?
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2nd order neuron
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