Cdfr Exam 2

Front 1

Which statement best explains the relationship between heredity and environment as viewed through the epigenetic framework?

Back 1

The relationship between heredity and environment is bidirectional

Front 2

it is difficult to isolate the precise damages caused by a single illegal drug during pregnancy because

Back 2

drug using mothers are often exposed to multiple teratongens such as poor nutrition or maternal stress

Front 3

thalidomide, a sedative prescribled to pregnant mothers in the 1960s, often produce

Back 3

gross deformities of the embryo's arms and legs when taken by expecting mothers 4 to 6 weeks after conception

Front 4

at the end of the second trimester nearly all of the brain's ______ are in place. However the brain's ______ continue to increase at a rapid rate throughout pregnancy and after birth.

Back 4

billions of neurons / glial cells

Front 5

in a study where mothers read aloud The Cat In The Hat for the last 6 weeks of pregnancy after birth the infants

Back 5

learned to turn on recordings of the mother's voice by sucking on nipples. they sucked hardest to hear The Cat in the Hat, the sound they had come to know while still in the womb

Front 6

during the period of embryo, the ectoderm will become

Back 6

the nervous system and skin

Front 7

the placenta is

Back 7

the organ that permits exchange of nutrients and waste products between the bloodstream of the mother and the embryo, while also preventing the mother's and embryo's blood from mixing directly

Front 8

the most rapid structural changes take place during the period of the ______ whereas the rate of body growth is greatest during the period of ______

Back 8

embryo / fetus

Front 9

niche-picking is an example of a(an) ____ genetic-environmental correlation

Back 9

active

Front 10

in ________ societies people stress group over individual goals where as in ______ societies people are largely concerned with their own personal needs

Back 10

collectivist / individualist

Front 11

Chromosomes are made up of a chemical substance called

Back 11

DNA

Front 12

The age of viability is the point at which

Back 12

the baby can fist survive

Front 13

the period of the _____ is the time when serious defects from teratogens are most likely to occur because ______ this time

Back 13

Embryonic period / the foundation for all body parts are being laid down

Front 14

which of the following are groups tend to do the most niche-picking

Back 14

older children and adolescents

Front 15

the period of the zygote lasts about _____ beginning with _____.

Back 15

two weeks / the zygote's first cell duplication

Front 16

a phenotype is

Back 16

the individual's physical and behavioral characteristics, which are determined by both genetic and environmental factors

Front 17

Which of the following would be a highly canalized behavior

Back 17

infant perception and motor development objects, sit up, crawl, and walk

Front 18

between 1970 and 2001 the birth rate for American women is their thirties has

Back 18

increase by more than doubled

Front 19

inside the blastocyat the ______ will become the new organism and the _____ will become the structures that provide nourishment and protective covering

Back 19

embryonic disk / trophoblast

Front 20

In healthier pregnant women regular moderate exercise is associated with _______ and frequent vigorous exercise is related to _______.

Back 20

Increase in birth weigh / lower birth weight

Front 21

the pattern of inheritance in which both versions of the gene influence a person;s characteristics is called

Back 21

incomplete dominance

Front 22

Jim and Joanna are brother and sister two years apart in age and Louis and Louisa are fraternal twins which pair is genetically more similar

Back 22

that are the same genetically

Front 23

the most well known effect of smoking during the prenatal period is

Back 23

low birth weight

Front 24

what could one determine about a peron whose 23rd parid of chromosomes is XY

Back 24

male

Front 25

during the first two weeks of pregnancy teratogens

Back 25

are usually not susceptible

Front 26

the crossing over and random sorting of chromosome are pairs during meiosis result in

Back 26

zygote

Front 27

children born to mothers who were pregnant in Chemobyl Ukraine during the nuclear power plant accident

Back 27

miscarriages and babies born with underdeveloped brains, physical deformities, and slow physical growth rose dramatically

Front 28

which of the following prenatal diagnostic methods carry some risk of injuring the fetus

Back 28

chorionic villus sampling

Front 29

the period of the embryo last from the ______ week through the ______ week of pregnancy

Back 29

implantation / 8th

Front 30

Chromosomes

Back 30

are rod like structures in the cell nucleus that stores and transmit genetic information

Front 31

serious disease are only rarely due to dominant alleles this is because

Back 31

live long enough to reproduce and the harmful dominant allele is eliminated from the family's heredity in a single generation

Front 32

by the end of the second week of pregnancy the _______ sends out tiny fingerlike ________ from which the placenta begins to emerge

Back 32

chorion / villi or blood vessels

Front 33

A friendly cheerful child will probably receive more social situation then a shy reserved child this is an example of a genetic environmental correlation

Back 33

evocative

Front 34

down syndrome is most commonly caused by

Back 34

a failure of the twenty-first pair of chromosomes to separate during meiosis, so the new individual inherits three of these chromosomes rather than the normal tow

Front 35

a _______ refers to any environmental agent that cause damage during the parental period

Back 35

teratongen

Front 36

______ is a drug used to treat acne that can cause serve multiple defects if taken during pregnancy

Back 36

Accutane

Front 37

A white cheese like substance called _____ protects the fetus skin from chapping

Back 37

vernix

Front 38

Modifier genes

Back 38

are genes that can enhance or dilute the effects of other genes

Front 39

A concordance rate of 100 percent for an extroverted personality would mean that

Back 39

both twins are extroverted

Front 40

an expectant mother who ensures that her meat is well cooked and has other family members change the cat litter box is trying to avoid

Back 40

toxoplasmosis

Front 41

______ can infect the baby during birth as she passes through the mother's birth canal

Back 41

AIDS

Front 42

The most common type of multiple birth occurs when

Back 42

two ova are released and fertilized (fraternal twins)