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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Saggital Plane |
divides body into L & R |
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Transverse Plane |
divides body into Superior and Inferior |
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Coronal Plane |
divides body into Ventral & Dorsal |
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Anterior vs Posterior |
Ant: Nose Post: Tail |
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Proximal vs Distal |
Prox: Near center Dist: Far from center |
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Cranial vs Caudal *BONUS: Rostral* |
Cran: Toward head Caud: Toward tail *Rostral: Toward the snout* |
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Ventral vs Dorsal |
Vent: Toward belly Dors: Toward sky |
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Afferent vs Efferent |
Aff: toward CNS Eff: away from CNS |
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Unilateral |
Initiated from / affecting structures on only 1 side of the body |
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Bilateral |
related to or having 2 sides |
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Ipsilateral |
- being on the same side as something else - affecting something on the same side - Ex: damage to left facial nerve results in ipsilateral left facial weakness |
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Contralateral |
- related to the opposite side of the body to that on which a particular structure/condition occurs - Ex: limbs of the body receive contralateral innervation |
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CT (Computed Tomography) |
- most common neuroimaging technique - x-ray technique with images of many slices of tissue - 2D and 3D possible |
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How do CT scans work? |
- machine rotates around body -diff electron densities of bone, cerebrospinal fluid, blood, white/gray matter cause them to be distinguishable by CT - High e- density = lighter color (bone) - Low e- density = darker color (air) |
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Strengths and Weaknesses of CT scans |
Strengths - Least expensive - Good for assessing bone - Can detect bleeding in brain, brain tumors, and infections Weaknesses - not good for detecting ischemic strokes (no immediate change in density of affected tissue) - not good at differentiating btwn gray and white matter (similar densities) |
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MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) |
- preferred way of CNS imaging - high resolution images of internal organs and soft tissues |
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How does an MRI work? |
- uses radiofrequancy and magnetic waves to produce image -body is placed inside a mechanic tunnel |
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Strengths and Weaknesses of MRI |
Strengths - no radiation (low risk to Pt) - can see diff btwn white and gray matter - better able at imaging ischemic infarcts Weaknesses - claustrophobic - no Pt with metal implants - Pt must remain very still |
