Ccnp Route Exam

Front 1

What at the three tables involved with OSPF?

Back 1

Adjacency (neighbors), topology (LSDB), and routing table (IP routing table)

Front 2

OSPF is called two tier because?

Back 2

There is the backbone area and other areas all connect back to the backbone

Front 3

What are the different roles for OSPF routers?

Back 3

Internal, backbone, ABR, ASBR

Front 4

How is cost calculated in OSPF by default?

Back 4

Based on the interface's bandwidth.

Front 5

What are the five types of OSPF packets?

Back 5

Hello, DBD, LSU, LSR, LSAck

Front 6

What are the possible OSPF neighbor states?

Back 6

Init, two-way, exstart, exchange, loading, and full

Front 7

What five fields must match in an OSPF hello packet?

Back 7

Hello Interval, Dead Interval, Area ID, Authentication Password, and Stub Area Flag

Front 8

What information is necessary for planning an OSPF implementation.

Back 8

IP addressing, network topology, and OSPF areas.

Front 9

What is the election order for the router-id?

Back 9

Manually configured router-id, Highest IP on the loopback interfaces, and then highest configured IP on any physical interface

Front 10

What are the three basic types of networks as defined by OSPF?

Back 10

broadcast, NBMA, point-to-point

Front 11

How are the DR and BDR elected?

Back 11

Based on the interface's OPSF priority setting. The priority can either be manually configured and the router-id breaks the tie (highest wins). The default priority is one.

Front 12

What are the five modes of OSPF operation for NBMA networks?

Back 12

Nonbroadcast, Point-to-multipoint, Point-to-point, Point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast, broadcast

Front 13

Which NBMA network modes are RFC-compliant

Back 13

Non-broadcast and Point-to-mulitpoint

Front 14

Which NBMA network modes are Cisco proprietary

Back 14

broadcast, point-to-multipoint nonbroadcast, point-to-point

Front 15

Whats the function of the 'always' keyword in the command 'default-information originate always' router config command

Back 15

Generate a default route into OSPF even if the router which the command was issued on does not have its own default route in the IP routing table.

Front 16

What command configures summarization on the ABR?

Back 16

area <area-id> range <address> <mask> [advertise | not-advertise] [cost <cost>]

Front 17

What are the three types of OSPF authentication?

Back 17

Simple, null, and md5

Front 18

What debug commands debugs IP OSPF authentication

Back 18

debug ip ospf adj

Front 19

What are the commands to configure OSPF simple authentication on an interface

Back 19

ip ospf authentication-key
ip ospf authentication

Front 20

What are the commands to configure OSPF MD5 authentication?

Back 20

ip ospf message-digest-key <key-id> 5
ip ospf authentication message-digest

Front 21

What are the two ways to assign metrics to routes being redistributed from one routing protocol to another?

Back 21

Either using the default-metric command or by manually configuring the metric when configuring the redistribute command or by using a route-map.

Front 22

True/False - Only one condition listed on the same match statement must match for the entire statement to be considered a match

Back 22

True

Front 23

True/False - A Route map has multiple match statements, each on their own line. As long as one of the lines is matched, the route-map will be matched on.

Back 23

False - if match statements are defined on multiple lines, then all match conditions must apply. With match, separate conditions on the same line are considered logical ORs and on separate lines considered logical ANDs

Front 24

How do you apply a route-map configured for policy-based routing onto an interface?

Back 24

ip policy route-map <map-tag>

Front 25

Define a distribute list

Back 25

Allows an access list to be applied to routing updates

Front 26

This command filters updates going OUT of the interface or routing protocol specified in the command, into the routing process under which it is configured.

Back 26

distribute-list [access-list number | name] out [interface-name | routing-process]

Front 27

This router configuration command assigns the access list to filter routing updates coming in through an interface. This command filters updates going into the interface specified in the command, into the routing process under which it is configured.

Back 27

distribute-list {access-list-number | name} {route-map map-tag} in [interface-type interface-number] router configuration command

Front 28

True/False - You can only use offset lists for IGP distance vector protocols like EIGRP and RIP.

Back 28

True - you cannot use an offset-list for OSPF

Front 29

What is the function of offset lists?

Back 29

increasing incoming or outgoing metric to routes learned via EIGRP or RIP.

Front 30

How is an offset-list configured?

Back 30

offset-list {access-list-number | access-list-name} {in | out} offset {interface-type interface-number} router configuration command

Front 31

Describe Cisco IP SLAs

Back 31

Use object tracking and probing to detect network connectivity of desired objects. If the connectivity tests fail, you can configured the tracking options to perform some sort of action (failover to another route, for example)

Front 32

What interface on a router would a PBR policy be applied?

Back 32

The ingress interface on the router.

Front 33

What is the different between the 'ip policy route-map' and 'ip local policy route-map' interface configuration commands?

Back 33

The 'ip local policy route-map' command only affects packets originating on the router

Front 34

What commands are used to verify and debug IP policy?

Back 34

show ip policy
show route-map (statistics)
debug ip policy

Front 35

What are the ranges for private ASs?

Back 35

64512 - 65535

Front 36

What are the four types of enterprise to ISP connectivity?

Back 36

Single-homed, dual-homed, Multihomed, dual-multihomed

Front 37

What are the two types of BGP peer relationships?

Back 37

iBGP and eBGP

Front 38

What are the three most common multihoming options?

Back 38

ISP passes only a default route, each ISP passes a default route and specific provider-owned routes to the AS, each ISP passes all routes to the autonomous system

Front 39

What protocol/port does BGP use?

Back 39

TCP port 179

Front 40

What does the BGP synchronization rule state?

Back 40

That a BGP router should not use, or advertise to an external neighbor, a route learned by iBGP unless that route is local or is learned from an IGP.

Front 41

What are the four BGP message types?

Back 41

Open, Notification, Keepalive, Update

Front 42

BGP attributes can be...

Back 42

well known or optional
mandatory or discretionary
transitive or non-transitive

Front 43

What are the three tables used by BGP?

Back 43

the BGP table, the IP routing table, and the BGP neighbor table

Front 44

List the three well-known mandatory BGP attributes

Back 44

Origin, AS-Path, and Next-hop

Front 45

List the two well-known discretionary attributes

Back 45

Local-preference and Atomic Aggregate

Front 46

What are the two optional transitive BGP attributes?

Back 46

Aggregator and Community

Front 47

What is the optional nontransitive BGP attribute?

Back 47

Multi-exit discriminator

Front 48

What is a Cisco proprietary path attribute?

Back 48

Weight

Front 49

What is the 11-step BGP route-selection process?

Back 49

1) Prefer highest weight
2) Prefer the highest local preference
3) Prefer routes originated by the local router
4) Prefer the shortest AS-path
5) Prefer the lowest origin code
6) Prefer the lowest MED
7) Prefer the EBGP path over the IBGP path
8) Prefer the path through the closest IGP neighbor
9) Prefer the oldest route for EBGP paths
10) Prefer the path with the lowest neighbor BGP router ID
11) Prefer the route with the lowest neighbor IP address

Front 50

What is the purpose of BGP peer groups?

Back 50

configure multiple BGP peers on the router that will have the same update policies,

Front 51

How do you manually configure the router to use the address of a specific loopback address as the source address for BGP connections to neighbors?

Back 51

neighbor <ip.address> update-source loopback <lo>

Front 52

By default, what is the TTL value in the IP header for a BGP neighbor connection

Back 52

TTL = 1

Front 53

Does BGP support MD5 authentication between neighbors?

Back 53

Yes

Front 54

what does the ip as-path access-list acl-number {permit | deny } regexp global config command accomplish?

Back 54

Advanced regex matching of the AS path values in BGP routing updates

Front 55

Can you apply a prefix-list and/or route-map for filtering routing updates received from BGP peers?

Back 55

yes

Front 56

What type of BGP attribute is: AS-Path

Back 56

Well-known mandatory

Front 57

What type of BGP attribute is: Next-hop

Back 57

Well-known Mandatory

Front 58

What type of BGP attribute is: Origin

Back 58

Well-known mandatory

Front 59

What type of BGP attribute is: Local preference

Back 59

Well-known discretionary

Front 60

What type of BGP attribute is: Atomic Aggregate

Back 60

Well-known discretionary

Front 61

What type of BGP attribute is: Aggregator

Back 61

Optional Transitive

Front 62

What type of BGP attribute is: Community

Back 62

Optional Transitive

Front 63

What type of BGP attribute is: Multiexit discriminator

Back 63

Optional nontransitive

Front 64

If you specify the command "neighbor 10.1.1.1. ebgp-multihop', by default what is the TTL value set to without any additional parameters?

Back 64

255

Front 65

What does the command 'clear ip bgp 10.1.1.1 soft out' mean?

Back 65

The router will send a BGP update message with the entire table for that BGP neighbor and does not reset the BGP connection. This will also contain withdrawal messages for networks that the neighbor will not see anymore due to outbound policy.

Front 66

What does a > in the output of the 'show ip bgp' command mean?

Back 66

Means the route is being offered to the IP routing table

Front 67

What type of authentication does BGP support?

Back 67

MD5

Front 68

How is the established state represented in the output of the 'show ip bgp summary' command?

Back 68

The State PfxRcd column is blank or has a number in the column indicating how many prefixes have been received from that neighbor

Front 69

What is the default local preference value?

Back 69

100

Front 70

Why does it make more sense to modify the local preference value of a eBGP neighbor as the routing updates are received instead of as you readvertise the routes in iBGP?

Back 70

Only need configured on one neighbor, and the router receiving those eBGP updates will also show the updated local preference as specified in routing policy

Front 71

What is the command to assign a weigh to updates from a BGP neighbor connection?

Back 71

neighbor x.x.x.x weight

Front 72

What are the steps required to configure a GRE tunnel between two Cisco devices?

Back 72

- Create a tunnel interface for GRE

tunnel source {ip-address | interface-type interface-number}
tunnel source {ip-address | interface-type interface-number}
tunnel destination {ip-address | interfae-type interface-number}

- Configure the routing protocols to route through the GRE tunnel, with the network <subnet> <mask> command
- Change the crypto ACL to allow GRE Traffic

Front 73

What does a typical global unicast IPv6 composed of?

Back 73

A 48-bit global routing prefix, a 16-bit subnet ID, and a 64-bit interface ID (typically in EUI-64)

Front 74

What prefix do IPv6 multicast addresses fall under?

Back 74

FF00::/8

Front 75

What is the IPv6 all nodes, link-local multicast?

Back 75

FF02::1

Front 76

What is the IPv6 "all routers" multicast address?

Back 76

FF02::2

Front 77

What is the IPv6 RIPng address?

Back 77

FF02::9

Front 78

What configuration command enables the forwarding of IPv6 datagrams?

Back 78

ipv6 unicast-routing

Front 79

What mechanism replaces ARP in IPv6 for mapping layer2 addresses to IPv6 addresses?

Back 79

Neighbor Discovery?

Front 80

Define SLAC

Back 80

When IPv6 is enabled on a router, it sends RA, creates link-local addresses, and joins FF02::1 and FF02::1 multicast groups on its interfaces

Front 81

T/F - EIGRP preserves all metrics between two EIGRP AS

Back 81

True

Front 82

What are the requirements to perform routing protocol redistribution?

Back 82

The routing protocol must have at least one interface running the two routing protocols that you are redistributing between.

Front 83

What are the parameters on the EIGRP redistribution command?

Back 83

redistribute eigrp <metric bw-kbps delay-in-tens-of-microseconds reliability load mtu> <route-map>

Front 84

What is the tie breaker for choosing the best E2

Back 84

Lowest cost to reach the ASBR

Front 85

What commands and options do you have when you redistributing into OSPF?

Back 85

metric - hard-code a metric for the redistributed route
metric-type - define whether the route will be type E1 or type E2
route-map - route map preference
tag - set tag for routes redistributed into OSPF

Front 86

What type of area are Type 7 AS External LSA generated in?

Back 86

NSSA and NSSA no-summary areas

Front 87

Filtering routes on redistribution from OSPF into EIGRP, allowing only routes permitted by ACL 1 (two methods)

Back 87

route-map ALLOW permit 10
match ip address ACL-1

distribute-list ACL-out out ospf 1

Front 88

Filtering routes on redistribution from EIGRP into OSPF allowing only routes permitted by prefix list barney (two methods)

Back 88

route-map ALLOW permit 10
match ip address prefix-list barney

distribute-list ACL-1 out eigrp 100

Front 89

Configuring the route map that will set metrics components to 1000, 200, 255, 1 and 150, for routes permitted by ACL 1, and filter all other routes.

Back 89

route-map SET permit 10
match ip add 1
set metric 1000 200 255 1 1500

Front 90

Set OSPF's admin distance for all internal routes to 100 and all external routes to 180

Back 90

distance ospf intra-area 110 inter-area 110 external 180

Front 91

Set EIGRP's admin distance for routes learned from neighbors 1.1.1.1 to 190, only for subnets 10.1.0.0 - 10.1.255.255

Back 91

access-list 5 permit 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255
router eigrp 100
distance 190 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 5

Front 92

single homed

Back 92

one connection to one ISP

Front 93

dual homed

Back 93

two connections to one ISP

Front 94

single multi-homed

Back 94

one connection to two ISPs

Front 95

dual multi-homed

Back 95

two connections to two ISPs

Front 96

What is the difference in the commands:

show ip bgp neighbors <x.x.x.x> received-routes

&

show ip bgp neighbors x.x.x.x routes

Back 96

The received-routes option will show all routes received from the specified neighbor before any inbound route filtering is applied. The 'routes' option will show inbound received routes that will be placed in the bgp table after any inbound route filtering is applied.

Front 97

What is the effect of having the 'auto-summary' option enabled in the BGP configuration?

Back 97

If a network command is specified for say, 9.0.0.0/8, the default (no auto-summary) behavior would be to add 9.0.0.0/8 only if that exact prefix/mask combo existed in the IP routing table. With auto-summary configured, any prefixes of 9.0.0.0/8 or longer will match. In that case, 9.0.0.0/8 may or may not exist but if 9.1.2.0/24 exists, it will be advertised by BGP.

Front 98

What would the following command accomplish:

(config-router)# aggregate-address 128.107.0.0 255.255.224.0 summary-only

Back 98

Tells BGP to summarize any prefixes that fall within the 128.107.0.0/19 range into a single summary advertisement and advertise that summary route into BGP.

Front 99

How does the 'clear ip bgp neighbor-id out' and 'clear ip bgp neighbor-id soft out' commands before the soft outbound reset?

Back 99

The existing BGP table is re-evaluated and create a new BGP update for that neighbor. The router builds that new Update based on the existing config, so any new or changed outbound filters affect the contents of the update. The router sends the new BGP Update, and the neighboring router receives the new Update and adjusts its BGP table as a result.

Front 100

Describe the impact of issuing the 'clear ip bgp <neighbor-id> soft in' command.

Back 100

First, the command 'neighbor <neighbor-id> soft-reconfiguration inbound' command must be configured under the BGP process for that neighbor.

Then once the command is issued, the router uses it's cached received BGP pre-filtered updates for that neighbor and reevaluates that cached info against the new configuration. This allows any changes to inbound routing policy to be applied.

Front 101

Describe the steps that occur when the command 'clear ip bgp <neighbor-id> in' is executed?

Back 101

The router uses the route refresh feature to request that the BGP peer re-sends its full BGP update. Then the local router can apply its new inbound route filtering policy and update the BGP table.

Front 102

T/F - the 'show ip bgp neighbors <x.x.x.x> advertised-routes' shows advertised routes before outbound route filtering takes place.

Back 102

False - the command shows routes post-outbound filtering and should represent what the BGP peer will receive in the BGP update message.

Front 103

The 'show ip bgp neighbor <x.x.x.x> received-routes' command is dependent on what other configuration statement?

Back 103

neighbor soft-reconfiguration inbound - b/c the router needs to keep a cache of the unfiltered BGP update message from the BGP peer

Front 104

What are the three commands to to configure a GRE tunnel interface?

Back 104

- Assign an IP address
- Assign a tunnel source
- Assign a tunnel destination