Ccna3 Chapter 8

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One of the most common tuning methods of EIGRP is enabling and disabling automatic

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route summarization.

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Route summarization allows a router to group networks together and advertises them as

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one large group using a single, summarized route.

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Summarization decreases the number of entries in

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routing updates

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Summarization the number of entries in

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local routing tables.

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Summarization also reduces

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bandwidth utilization.

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Summarization results in

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faster routing table lookups.

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To limit the number of routing advertisements and the size of routing tables, routing protocols use

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automatic summarization at classful boundaries. Class A, B, C.

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A border router is a router that sits at the

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edge of a network.

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This router must be able to advertise all of the known networks within its route table to a

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connecting network router or ISP router.

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The Null0 interface is a

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virtual IOS interface.

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The Null0 interface is commonly known as

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"the bit bucket."

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EIGRP for IPv4 automatically includes a Null0 summary route whenever the following conditions exist:

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One subnet that was learned via EIGRP.

Two network EIGRP router configuration mode commands.

Automatic summarization is enabled.

Front 13

Because EIGRP is a classless routing protocol and includes the subnet mask in the routing updates, manual summarization can include

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supernet routes.

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Remember, a supernet is an aggregation of

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multiple major classful network addresses.

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The static default route is usually configured on the router that has a connection to a network

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outside the EIGRP routing domain; for example, to an ISP.

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When the static default route is configured, it is necessary to propagate that route throughout

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the EIGRP domain.

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One method of propagating a static default route within the EIGRP routing domain is by using the

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redistribute static command.

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The entry for the EIGRP learned default route is identified by the following: D

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This route was learned from an EIGRP routing update.

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The entry for the EIGRP learned default route is identified by the following: *

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The route is a candidate for a default route.

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The entry for the EIGRP learned default route is identified by the following: EX

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The route is an external EIGRP route.

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The entry for the EIGRP learned default route is identified by the following:170

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This is the administrative distance.

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By default, EIGRP uses only up to

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50 percent of an interface’s bandwidth for EIGRP information.

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This prevents the EIGRP process from

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over-utilizing a link.

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Hello intervals and Hold times are configurable on a

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per-interface basis.

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Hello intervals and Hold times

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do not have to match with other EIGRP routers.

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If the Hello interval is changed, ensure that the Hold time value is

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equal to, or greater than, the Hello interval.

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Equal-cost load balancing is the ability of a router to distribute

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outbound traffic using all interfaces that have the same metric.

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EIGRP only uses the slowest

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bandwidth in its composite metric.

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Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) can perform both

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per packet and per-destination load balancing.

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Cisco IOS, by default, allows load balancing using up to

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four equal-cost paths.

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Using the maximum-paths router configuration mode command, up to

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32 equal-cost routes can be kept in the routing table.

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A method to protect routing information on the network is to

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authenticate routing protocol packets using the Message Digest 5 (MD5) algorithm.

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After EIGRP message authentication is configured on one router, any adjacent neighbors that have not yet been configured for authentication are

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no longer EIGRP neighbors.

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Possible Authentication Problems: 1

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The interface between the devices is down.

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Possible Authentication Problems: 2

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The two routers have mismatching autonomous system numbers.

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Possible Authentication Problems: 3

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Proper interfaces are not enabled.

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Possible Authentication Problems: 4

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An interface is configured as passive.

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Possible Authentication Problems: 5

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Proper networks are not being advertised.

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Possible Authentication Problems: 6

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An incorrectly-configured passive interface, or an ACL, is blocking advertisements of remote networks.

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Possible Authentication Problems: 7

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Automatic summarization is causing inconsistent routing.

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With EIGRP running on a network, the passive-interface command stops both

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outgoing and incoming routing updates.

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EIGRP for IPv4 can be configured to automatically summarize routes at

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classful boundaries.

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If there are discontiguous networks, automatic summarization causes

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inconsistent routing.