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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2 ways routers and layer 3 switches learn about remote networks |
manually dynamically |
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how are remote networks learned about manually |
networks are manually entered into the routing table using static routes |
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how are remote network learned about dynamically |
routes are automatically learned using dynamic routing protocols |
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Drawback to using static routing protocols |
routes are not automatically updated when the network topology changes |
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3 primary uses of static network |
ease of routing table maintenance routing to and from stub networks using single default route to represent a path to any network not having a more specific path in the routing table |
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expense of using dynamic routes |
dedicating part of the router's resources for protocol operation including CPU time, and network link bandwidth |
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5 benefits of ospf |
classless efficient (automatic routing table updates) fast convergence scalable secure (supports MD5 authentication) |
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5 ospf network types |
point to point broadcast multiaccess nonbroadcast multiaccess point to multipoint virtual links |
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describe point to point multiaccess network |
2 routers inconnected over a common link with no other routers |
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describe broadcast multiaccess network |
multiple routers interconneted over an ethernet network |
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describe nonbroadcast multiaccess |
multiple routers connected in a network that does not allow broadcasts such as frame relay |
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describe point to multipoint |
multiple routers interconnected in a hub and spoke topology. often used to connect branch sites to a central site |
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describe virtual links |
special ospf network used to interconnect distant ospf areas to the backbone area |
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what is a multiaccess network |
a network with multiple devices on the same shared media which are sharing communications |
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2 challenges created by multiaccess networks |
creation of multiple adjacencies extensive flooding of lsas |
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formula used to calculate the number of required adjacencies |
n(n-1)/2 |
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a designated router is used to |
manage the number of adjacencies and flooding of lsas on a multiaccess network. |
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DR multicast address |
224.0.0.5 |
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Connects multiple routers using Ethernet technology |
Broadcast Multiaccess |
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Connects branch sites (spokes) to a central site (hub) |
Point to Multipoint |
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Connects branch sites to a central site |
Nonbroadcast Multiaccess |
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Connects two routers directly on a single WAN network |
Point to oint |
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Uses multicast 224.0.0.5 to listen to LSAs |
DRother |
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Foods LSAs to all participating routers |
DR |
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Listens passively to LSAs |
BDR |
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Will promote itself if the DR stops producing hello packets |
BDR |
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Does not flood LSAs to all routers within the network |
DRother |
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Uses multicast 224.0.0.6 to send LSAs |
DRother |
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down state opsf 3 |
no hello packets recieved = down router sends hello packets transition to init state |
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init state ospf 3 |
hello packets received from neighbor packets contain sending router's id transition to two way state |
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two way state ospf |
elect dr/bdr transition to exstart state |
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3 states where ospf establishes neighbor adjacencies |
down init two-way |
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exstart state ospf |
negotiate master/slave and dbd packet sequence # master initiates dbd packet exchange |
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exchange state ospf 3 |
routers exchange ospf packets transition to loading if add'l info needed if no add'l info needed transfer to full |
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loading state ospf 3 |
lsr's and lsus are used to gain additional route information routes are processed using spf algorithm transition to full state |
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3 steps in synchronization of ospf database |
exstart exchange loading |
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2 states that are normal in ospf, non-transitory |
full 2way |
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show ip protocols to troubleshoot ospf 5 |
verify ospf process id veryify router id verify networks router is advertising neighbors router is receiving updates from default admin distance |
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show ip ospf neighbor to troubleshoot ospf 6 |
neighbor router id neighbor priority ospf state dead timer neighbor interface ip address interface the neighbor is accessible through |
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show ip ospf interface to troubleshoot ospf |
ospf process id interface assigned to area interface is in cost of the interface hello and dead intervals |
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show ip ospf to troubleshoot ospf |
ospf process id router id ospf area information last time spf algorithm was calculated |
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show ip route ospf to troubleshoot ospf |
displays only ospf learned routes in the routing table |
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DR is the router with the.......2 |
highest interface priority highest router id |
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command to set priority in ospf |
is ospf priority _____ |
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what happens if the ospf priority for a router is set to 0 |
it can never become a dr or a bdr |
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asbr stands for |
autonomous system boundary |
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asbr aka in ospf |
gateway router |
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command to propagate a default route |
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 {ip-address | exit-int} default-information originate |
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what does the default-information originate command do |
instructs the router to be the source of the default route information and propagate the default static route in ospf updates |
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2 commands to propagate default route in ipv6
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ipv6 route ::/0 {ipv6-address | exit-int} default-information originate |
