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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What nicknames exsist for anthrax?
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Woolsorters Disease & Ragpicker Disease
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What acute bacterial disease usually affect the skin, but may rarely involve the oropharynx, mediastinum or intestinal tract?
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Anthax
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What are the symptoms for cutaneous anthrax?
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Itching of exposed skin first, followed by lesions that become papular, then vesicular and in 2-6 days developes into depressed black eschar.
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True or false? Pain is usual when concerning anthrax, and is not due to oedema or secondary infection.
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False. Pain is unusual and if present, is due to secondary infection.
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What are the most common sites for anthrax infections?
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Hands, forearms, and head
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Anthrax has been confused with what disease?
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Human Orf
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Untreated anthrax can cause the fatality rate of ____ and ____% ?
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5 and 20
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Initial symptoms of inhalation anthrax are mild and nonspecific and may include?
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Fever, malasia and miod cough or chest pain.
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Acute symptoms of inhalation anthrax include?
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Respiratory distress, X-ray evidence of mediastinal widening.
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Fever and shock follow inhalation anthrax in ___ to ___ days, with death shortly thereafter.
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3 to 5 days
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Which type of anthrax is more rare, cutaneous, inhalation, or intestinal?
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Intestinal
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Anthrax cultures leave what color stain?
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Polychrome methylene (M'Fadyean)blue
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What is the causative agent for anthrax?
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Bacillus anthracis
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What are the characteristics of of bacillus anthracis?
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Gram-postive, encapsulated, spore forming, nonmotile rod
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True or false? The anthrax spores of B. anthracis are the infectious agent.
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True
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True or false? Vegetative B. anthracis frequently establishes disease.
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False! B. anthracis rarely establishes disease.
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True or false? Anthrax is primarily a disease of herbivores.
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True
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Anthrax primarily effects poeple in what type cultures and occupations?
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"1. People who work with animal hides & hair *like wool* (mainly goats)
2. People who work with bone and bone products. 3. Vegatarians, agriculture, wild life workers who handle infected animals. |
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True or false? Person to person transmission is rare.
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True
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Articles of soil contaminated with anthrax may stay contaminated for how long?
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Several years
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Describe anthrax susceptibility info.
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Some evidence of inapparent (no signs or symptoms) infection amoung people in fequent contact with the infectious agent; second attacks can occur, but reports are rare.
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What some preventive measures for anthrax?
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"1. Immunize
2. Educate 3.Control Dust |
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What is the treatment for cutaneous anthrax?
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"Penicillin for 5-7 days.
Tetracyclines, erythromycin and chloramphenicol are also effective |
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What does the US military reccomend for the treatment of inhalation anthrax?
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parenteral ciprofloxacin or doxycycline (duration of treatment is not defined)
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Anyone who receives a treat about the dissemination of anthrax should notify who?
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Their local criminal investigative authority (for US call FBI).
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True or Flase? if someone has been exposed to anthrax they should be quarantined to prevent spreading of the disease.
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False! Anthrax is not contagious.
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what is the incubation period for anthrax?
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1 to 7 days, although incubation periods up to 60 days are possible. in the russian outbreak incubation periods lasted 43 days.
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Animals that have been treated for anthrax should not be used as food until how long after treatment?
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A few months
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Antibiotherapy sterilizes an anthrax skin lesion in how many hours?
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24
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What are acceptable methods of destruction for anthrax spores?
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Steam sterilization, autoclaving or burning
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Postexposure of immunization consist of ___ injections, starting as soon as possible after exposure and at ___ to ___ weeks after exposure.
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3 injections & 2 to 4 weeks after exposure
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The vaccine has not been evaluated for safety and efficacy in children under the age of ___ or in adults over the age of ___ or older.
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under the age of 18 and 60 or older.
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What is the proper PPE for anthrax?
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Splash protection, gloves and full face respirator with high-efficiency particle air (HEPA) filter (level C) or self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)(Level B)
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After, and only after soap and water decontamination what bleach to water ratio should be used to treat gross contamination and how long is the rinsing time afterwards?
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1:10 and 10 to 15 minutes
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All clothing and personal affects should be placed in a plastic bag and labeled how?
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With the owner's name, contact telephone number and inventory of contents.
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