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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pavlov
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Classical conditioning in the early 1900s
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Watson
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Development of Fear
Little Albert 1920s |
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Mary Cover Jones
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Removal of Fear
Little Peter 1920s |
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Skinner
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Operant conditioning
1950s |
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Positive reinforcement
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Likelihood increases that the person will emit a similar response
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Negative reinforcement
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Response to avoid something aversive
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Wolpe
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1950s
Reduction of anxiety through competing behaviors |
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Bandura
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1960s and 1970s
Social learning Modeling BoBo |
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Mischel
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Observational learning
Modeling |
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Ellis
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REBT
Irrational thoughts |
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Beck
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1960s
Cognitive therapy |
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Schemas
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Cognitive structures within the mind; core beliefs; Cognitive schemas are one's core beliefs about self, others, the world, and future
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Core beliefs
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Most fundamental level of belief; rigid; global; develops in childhood and acts as a "lens" of perception
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Intermediate beliefs
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More available to consciousness; attitudes, rules, or assumptions
If-then statements |
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Automatic beliefs
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Actual words or images that go through a persons's mind; situation specific; superficial level of cognition
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Depression
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Cognitive schemas about self, world, and future contain themese of exaggerated or persistent loss; negative cognitive triad
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Anxiety
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Cognitive schemas contain themes of exaggerated and persistent danger
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Hypomania
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Cognitive schemas contain themes of exaggerated and persistent gain
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Cognitive distortions
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Evident in automatic thoughts, intermediate thoughts, and core beliefs
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Arbitrary inference
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Jumping to a conclusion in the absence of supporting evidence and even despite evidence to the contrary
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Selective abstraction
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Conceptualizing an entire situation based on taking one detail out of context and ignoring other aspects of the context
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Overgeneralization
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Abstracting a general rule from one or a few isolated incidents and applying it too broadly and to unrelated situations
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Magnification
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Attributing much more importance to something than his warranted; catastrophizing
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Minimization
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Attribuing much less importance to something than is warranted; denial
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Personalization
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Attributing the cause of external events entirely to oneself without evidence supporting a causal connection
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Dichotomous thinking
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Black and white thinking
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Linehan
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DBT; Borderline PD is caused by biological factors and exposure to an invalidating environment; reduce self-injurious behaviors, life threatening behaviors, inference to therapy; increase quality of life
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Behavioral Personality Development
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Tabula rasa
Sum total and interaction of voluntary and involunatary behaviors |
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Modeling
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Therapist demonstrates a behavior that the client wants to do; client imitates (Bandura); good for social skills and assertiveness
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Behavioral rehearsal/role play
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Client first practices a voluntary behavior in session and then performs it outside the session; Therapist often provides prompting (suggestions)
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Guided discovery
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Shaping to break behavior into smaller response pieces and progress systematically from simpler to more complex
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Activity scheduling
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Chart daily activities for near future; once the client engages in activities, client will likely experience reinforcement
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Mastery and pleasure rating
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Client rates anticipated pleasure prior to engaging in adaptive behavior and actual pleasure after engaging in it
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Reinforcement of a competing response
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Client engages in an undesired behavior, he stops and engages instead in another behavior he finds reinforcing and makes it impossible for him to engage in the undesirable behavior
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Systematic desensitization
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Develop a stimulus hierarchy; Learn relaxation
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Flooding
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Long sesson and continuously encounter frightening conditioned stimuli
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Cognitive personality development
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Some innate perceptual differences, but mostly environmental
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Daily records of dysfunctional thoughts
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Client identifies an upsetting event, emotion, and strength 1-100, automatic thoughts, cognitive distortions, more realistic thoughts, strength of cognition
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Socratic questioning
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Facilitate new client learning; not leading questions
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Define terms
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Define terms and labels such as "worthlessness", "success"..
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Double standard technique
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Apply own beliefs to someone he loves
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Reattribution
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For personalization, client reduces excessive guilt by identifying factors beside himself that contributed to some occurrence
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Externalization of voices
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Client who has successfully challenged a distorted belief switches role with therapist; Therapist tries to convince client of distorted belief
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Downward arrow technique
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Proceeding with the automatic thought, ask "What does that mean to you?", "What does that mean about you?" to identify intermediate and core beliefs.
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