Cat Muscle Origin, Insertion, Action

Front 1

external oblique

Back 1

lumbodorsal fascia

pubis, linea alba

constrict abdomen

Front 2

internal oblique, transverse

Back 2

lumbodorsal fascia

linea alba

compress abdomen

Front 3

rectus abdominis

Back 3

anterior end of pubic symphysis

sternum, costal cartilages

compress abdomen, rectract ribs and sternum

Front 4

pectoantibranchialis

Back 4

manubrium

flat tendon on fascia of forearm

draw arm toward chest

Front 5

pectoralis major

Back 5

sternum, median ventral raphe

humerus

draw arm toward chest

Front 6

pectoralis minor

Back 6

sternum

humerus

draw arm toward chest

Front 7

xiphihumeralis

Back 7

sternum

humerus

draw arm toward chest

Front 8

sternomastoid

Back 8

manubrium, median raphe

lamboidal ridge into mastoid process

turn head, depress head on neck

Front 9

sternohyoid

Back 9

sternum

basihyoid

draw hyoid posteriorly

Front 10

cleidomastoid

Back 10

clavicle and mastoid process interchangeable as origin and insertion

turn head, depress head on neck, pull clavicle craniad

Front 11

masseter

Back 11

zygomatic arch

posterior half of lateral surface of mandible

elevate mandible

Front 12

temporal

Back 12

superior nuchal line to zygomatic process, zygomatic arch

coronoid process of mandible

elevate lower jaw

Front 13

digastric

Back 13

jugular, mastoid processes

mandible

depress mandible

Front 14

mylohyoid

Back 14

mandible

median raphe

raise floor of mouth, bring hyoid forward

Front 15

geniohyoid

Back 15

mandible near symphysis

body of hyoid

draw hyoid forward

Front 16

sternothyroid

Back 16

sternum

thyroid cartilage

pull larynx posteriorly

Front 17

thyrohyoid

Back 17

thyroid cartilage

posterior horn of hyoid

raise larynx

Front 18

latissimus dorsi

Back 18

neural spines of last thoracic and lumbar vert, lumbodorsal fascia

tendon on medial surface of humerus

pull forelimb dorsal and caudal

Front 19

spinotrapezius

Back 19

spines of thoracic vert

fascia of scapula

draw scapula forward, caudad

Front 20

acromiotrapezius

Back 20

neural spines of cervical and first thoracic vert

metacromion process, spine of scapula, fascia of spinotrapezius

draw scapula dorsad, hold two scapulae together

Front 21

clavotrapezius

Back 21

superior nuchal line, median dorsal line of neck

clavicle

draw clavicle dorsad, craniad

Front 22

levator scapulae ventralis

Back 22

transverse process of atlas, occipital bone

metacromion process, neighboring fascia

draw scapula craniad

Front 23

rhomboideus

Back 23

neural spines of vert

vertebral border of scapula

draw scapula dorsad

Front 24

rhomboideus capitis

Back 24

superior nuchal line

scapula

draw scapula craniad, rotate scapula

Front 25

splenius

Back 25

middorsal line and fascia

superior nuchal line

raise, turn head

Front 26

supraspinatus

Back 26

supraspinous fossa

greater tuberosity of humerus

extend humerus

Front 27

clavodeltoid

Back 27

clavicle, fibers of clavotrapezius

ulna

raise, rotate humerus

Front 28

acromiodeltoid

Back 28

acromion process

surface of other muscles of shoulder

raise, rotate humerus

Front 29

spinodeltoid

Back 29

spine of scapula

deltoid ridge of humerus

raise, rotate humerus

Front 30

infraspinatus

Back 30

infraspinous fossa

greater tuberosity of humerus

rotate humerus

Front 31

teres major

Back 31

axillary border of scapula, fascia of neighboring muscles

medial surface of humerus

lower, rotate humerus

Front 32

teres minor

Back 32

axillary border of scapula

greater tuberosity of humerus

assist infaspinatus

Front 33

subscapularis

Back 33

subscapular fossa

lesser tuberosity of humerus

pull humerus medially

Front 34

serratus ventralis

Back 34

slips from first nine or ten ribs
transverse processes of last 5 cervical vert

scapula near vertebral border

draw scapula craniad, ventrad, against thoracic wall

Front 35

serratus dorsalis

Back 35

aponeurosis from median dorsal line

last ribs

draw ribs forward

Front 36

scalenes

Back 36

ribs

transverse processes of cervical vert

draw ribs forward, bend neck

Front 37

external intercostals

Back 37

posterior margin of rib

anterior margin of adjacent posterior rib

bring rib forward

Front 38

internal intercostals

Back 38

anterior margin of rib

posterior margin of adjacent anterior rib

draw rib back

Front 39

sacrospinalis
1. semispinalis dorsi
2. longissimus
3. iliocostals

Back 39

posterior vertebrae

neural processes of more anterior vertebrae

extend, flex vertebral column

Front 40

triceps brachii

Back 40

distal end of humerus

lateral surface of ulna

strengthen elbow, rotate ulna

Front 41

epitrochlearis

Back 41

latissimus dorsi

olecranon

rotate ulna

Front 42

biceps brachii

Back 42

glenoid fossa

radius

flex forearm

Front 43

brachialis

Back 43

lateral surface of humerus

ulna

flex forearm

Front 44

extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 44

lateral epicondyle of humerus
semilunar notch of ulna

proximal end of 5th metacarpal

extends 5th digit and ulnar side of wrist

Front 45

extensor digitorum lateralis
extensor digitorum communis

Back 45

lateral surface of humerus above lateral epicondyle

tendons internal to wrist ligaments

extends 3 or 4 digits

Front 46

brachioradialis

Back 46

middle of humerus

lower end of radius

rotate hand to supine position

Front 47

extensor carpi radialis

Back 47

humerus near other extensors

2nd, 3rd metacarpals

extend hand

Front 48

pronator teres

Back 48

medial epicondyle of humerus

radius

rotate radius to prone position

Front 49

flexor carpi radialis

Back 49

median epicondyle of humerus

2nd, 3rd metacarpals

flex hand

Front 50

palmaris longus

Back 50

medial epicondyle of humers

tendons passing through wrist ligaments

flex digits

Front 51

flexor profundus digitorum

Back 51

ulna, humerus

basal phalanges

flex digits

Front 52

flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 52

medial epicondyle of humerus
olecranon process

pisiform

flex ulnar side of wrist

Front 53

tensor fasciae latae

Back 53

ilium

fascia lata

tighten fascia lata

Front 54

biceps femoris

Back 54

tuberosity of ischium

patella, tibia, fascia

abduct thigh, flex shank

Front 55

caudofemoralis

Back 55

transverse processes of 2nd, 3rd caudal vert

patella

abduct thigh, extend shank

Front 56

gluteus maximus

Back 56

transverse processes of last sacral, first caudal vert

fascia lata, greater trochanter of femur

abduct thigh

Front 57

gluteus medius

Back 57

crest & lateral surface of ilium
transverse processes of last sacral, first caudal vert

greater trochanter of femur

abduct thigh

Front 58

sartorius

Back 58

crest & ventral border of ilium

proximal end of tibia, patella

adduct & rotate thigh, extend shank

Front 59

vastus lateralis

Back 59

greater trochanter, surface of femur

patella

extend shank

Front 60

rectus femoris

Back 60

ilium near acetabulum

patella

extend shank

Front 61

vastus medialis

Back 61

femur

patella

extend shank

Front 62

vastus intermedius

Back 62

surface of femur

patella

extend shank

Front 63

gracilis

Back 63

ischiac, pubic symphyses

aponeurosis passing to tibia

adduct leg

Front 64

adductor longus
adductor femoris

Back 64

pubis

femur

adduct thigh

Front 65

semimembranosus

Back 65

ischium

medial epicondyle of femur
proximal end of tibia

extend thigh

Front 66

semitendinosus

Back 66

ischial tuberosity

tibia

flex shank

Front 67

tenuissimus

Back 67

transverse process of 2nd caudal vert

fascia of shank

extend thigh

Front 68

tibialis anterior

Back 68

proximal parts of tibia, fibula

1st metatarsal

flex foot

Front 69

extensor digitorum longus

Back 69

lateral epicondyle of femur

tendon inserted on each digit

extend digits

Front 70

peroneus

Back 70

fibula

metatarsals, digits

extend, flex foot

Front 71

gastrocnemius

Back 71

femur, tendon & fascia of plantaris

calcaneus

extend foot

Front 72

soleus

Back 72

fibula

calcaneus

extend foot

Front 73

plantaris

Back 73

patella, femur

calcaneus

flex digits

Front 74

flexor digitorum longus

Back 74

tibia, fibula

phalanges

flex digits

Front 75

tibialis posterior

Back 75

tibia, fibula

scaphoid, medial cuneiform

extend foot