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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Matrix
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Possesses proteoclycan aggregates and chondronectin (where type II collage embedded)
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fibrocartilage
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only cartilage with type I collagen
lacks perichondrium |
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Histogenesis of hyaline cartilage
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interstitial growth: cell division of pre-existing chondrocyte
appositional growth: differentiation of chondriogenic cells in perichondrium |
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Bone Composition
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Inorganic: 65%, composed of Ca, Mg, P; primarily of hydroxyapatite crystals
Organic: 35%: primarily (95%) composed of Type I collagen; ground substance has keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate |
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Periosteum
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noncalcified conn tissue covering external surfaces of bones
outer dense collagenous layer + inner osteoprogenitor layer connected to bone via sharpey fibers (type I collagen) |
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Endosteum
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lines marrow cavities, consists of osteoprogenitor and osteoblasts for bone growth
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osteoclast
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stimulated by M-CSF to undergos mitosis
RANK-L binding triggers ruffled border and osteoclastic act. clear zone surrounds ruffled b |
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clear zone
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surrounds ruffled border (microvilli)
osteopontin is secreted to seal the zone b/t osteoclast and bone |
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primary bone
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first compact bone produced in fetal development/bone repair
replaced by secondary bone in most places (except suture lines in skull bones, tooth sockets, and insertion slits of tendons) |
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secondary bone
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mature/lamellar bone
compact bone in adults: arranged in lamellaes (osteons) |
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intramembranous bone formation
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process flat bones are formed (parietal bones of the skull)
mesenchymal cells --> primary ossification centers --> osteoblasts --> osteoclasts (trabeculae) |
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endochondral bone formation
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hyaline cartilage model involved; longe bone formation
vascularization of perichondrium = primary center of ossification --> intramembranous ossification (migration of osteoblasts) --> formation of bone collar development of secondary ossification centers |
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zones of epiphyseal plates
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zone of reserve (inactive chondrocytes)
zone of proliferation: region of rapid mitotic division zone of hypertrophy and maturation: region where chondrocytes are greatly enlarged zone of calcification: hypertrophied chondrocytes die |
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Vitamin D
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necessary for absorption of calcium from small intestine
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Vitamin A
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necessary for proper bone formation and growth; excess accelerates ossification of epiphyseal plates
small stature seen either way |
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vitamin C
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necessary for collagen form
deficiency results in poor bone formation |
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somatotropin (GH)
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stimulates growth in epiphyseal plates
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Joints (2x)
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synarthroses: immovable joints composed of conn tissue, cartilage, or bone (unit first rib to sternum and connect skull bones to each other)
diarthroses (synovial joints): permit max movement and unite long bones |
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synovial capsule
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two layers: external and internal capsule
external: composed of tough fibrous connective tissue internal (synovial membrane): lined by a layer of squamos to cuboidal epithelial cells on internal surface Type A cells (of internal capsule): phagocytic Type B: resemble fibroblasts; secrete synovial fluid |
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Osteomalacia (Symptoms, Cause)
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Symptoms: rickets of adults; severe in pregnancy
Cause: deficient calcification in new formed bone |
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osteopetrosis (symptoms, causes)
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Symptoms: increase bone density; anemia
Causes: genetic disorder where osteoclast do not express ruffled border |
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hydrocortisone, cortisone, estradiol
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inhibits cartilage and matrix formation
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thyroxine, testosterone, and somatotropin
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stimulate cartilage growth and matrix formation
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