Hand Tools

Front 1

Compasses

Back 1

It is used to draw circles and arcs, and can be used as a scriber to copy the profile of an irregular surface you are cutting

Front 2

Square Gauges

Back 2

Square Gauges/stair gauges are made from brass or metal alloy. They come as a pair and clamp to the framing square to simplify repetitive, accurate angle markings.

Front 3

Check a level for accuracy

Back 3

Draw a line along the top edge. Reverse the level end for end horizontally. Level it again slightly lower on the wall and draw a second line along the top edge. Measure the distance between the two lines at each end. If they are exactly equal, the level is accurate.

Front 4

Bevel edge chisels

Back 4

The bevel edge chisel has a tapered cross-section and parallel sides. It is thinner in cross-section than the firmer chisel and is generally used for finer, more delicate paring work. The bevel edge butt chisel has a wide, short blade and is designed to cut the recess required for butt hinge gains

Front 5

Handsaws

Back 5

Handsaws are identified by their type and number of tooth points per inch. The two basic types of teeth are RIP SAW TEETH and CROSSCUT TEETH. In order to stop the saw from binding in the cut, saw teeth are bent alternately in opposing directions. This is called SET. When the saw is used, it creates a KERF (width of material removed by saw teeth) larger than the blade thickness

Front 6

Coping Saw

Back 6

It cuts on the pull (teeth facing handle). It is used to cut irregular shapes in thin material and coped joints. A COPED JOINT is cut when fitting the inside corners of mouldings

Front 7

Files and Rasps

Back 7

Files and rasps are used for wood shaping and tool sharpening. Nearly all are made to cut on the push or forward stroke only. Files may be circular, square, triangular, in cross section, or specifically shaped. The "safe" side is smooth and has no teeth, which allows you to work in corners or areas where you want to cut only one surface. Use a file card or wire brush to dislodge the trapped material. Do not strike a file on a hard surface to dislodge trapped chips

Front 8

Hand scrapers

Back 8

It's a piece of rectangular high-carbon steel. Scraper cutting edges are not honed, but burnished with a tool called a burnisher. This procedure produces a burr on the edge of the tool. The burr removes any slight imperfections left during surfacing operations. Hand scrapers are also used to smooth the wood surface around curved or irregular grains.

Front 9

Auger Bits

Back 9

Used with a bit brace that comes with different styles (solid center, single twist, double twist). Imperial bit sizes are marked on the tang in sixteenths. The metric ones are distinguished by mm or a line under the number.

Front 10

Hammers

Back 10

- Size of hammer determined by weight of the head (usually 16-24oz).

- Curved claw hammer is the lightest, and is used for finishing. The belled or crowned striking face allows the nail to be driven flush to the surface without marring the wood surface. It also corrects off center strikes minimizing nail deflection and bending.

- The straight (ripping) claw hammer is heavier (22-32oz) the claw is used for prying and splitting. It often had a milled or serrated edge to grip nails easier.

Front 11

Brad driver

Back 11

Also called a Brad Push, it is used to start small finishing nails (brads) by hand into wood. A nail set should be used to complete the driving of the nail to avoid making a ring shaped mark around the nail head

Front 12

Screwdrivers

Back 12

Short screwdrivers are known as STUBBY screwdrivers. First requirement is to make sure the tip fits the screw head/shape

Front 13

Cabinet Tip Screwdrivers

Back 13

It is different than a slot tip screwdriver in that it is parallel from the tip back, which allows access to screws in recessed holes

Front 14

Spring Clamp

Back 14

Spring clamp is used for small clamping jobs when light pressure is all that is needed

Front 15

Hand screw clamps

Back 15

Consists of two rectangular jaws that can be adjusted by two threaded spindles to a variety of closing angles. This allows materials of unusual shape to be clamped in unusual positions and angles.

Front 16

Web or Band Clamp

Back 16

It consists of a strap of fabric webbing or metal and a tensioning device. This clamp is great for clamping awkward, round, or irregular shapes

Front 17

Angle of extension ladders

Back 17

1 horizontal length to every 4 vertical height to the point where the ladder makes contact with the wall or structure.

Front 18

How far should a ladder be Protruding above landing height

Back 18

Latter should protrude one meter above landing height (3 rungs at 300mm).

Front 19

Height of scaffold system

Back 19

For free standing scaffolds, the scaffold must not be taller than three times it's smallest dimension in width

Front 20

When do you need guardrails

Back 20

When the temporary work platform is 3m or higher above the ground

Front 21

Guardrail height

Back 21

Horizontal rail must be between 0.92 to 1.07m above platform and must have an intermediate rail Midway between the scaffold platform and top rail

Front 22

How to go above 3:1 ratio in a scaffold system

Back 22

Use outriggers to ensure stability