Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
389 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The ______ is at a right angle to the AV Valves |
PV |
|
|
In a normal heart the ____ MV leaflet has continuity with the ____ Ao leaflet |
Anterior MV Non-coronary Ao cusp leaflet |
|
|
In D-TGA, the PDA flow is into the PA and should be______. |
Left to right |
|
|
IAA A- B- C- |
A-beyond the LSCA (left subclavian) B- Between LSCA and LCC (most common) C-Between LCC and innominate |
|
|
Most IAA have a _____ |
VSD |
|
|
Rastelli type A common AV Valve |
The superior bridging leaflet is almost completely adherent to the left ventricle and is firmly attached on the the ventricular septum by multiple chordal insertions |
|
|
Rastelli type B common AV |
The superior bridging leaflet is attached over the ventricular septum by an anomalous papillary muscle of the RV |
|
|
Rastelli type C (AV Common) |
The superior bridging leaflet is not attached to the ventricular septum (free floating leaflet) |
|
|
Days 0-20 |
No heart or great vessels |
|
|
Day 20 |
Vascular tubes |
|
|
Day 23 |
First (ineffective) contractions aka the heart beats! |
|
|
Day 24 |
Bulboventricular looping |
|
|
Day 27 |
Muscular septum cushions appear |
|
|
Day 31 |
Fusion of truncus swellings |
|
|
Day 34 |
Septation: Fusion of conus and endocardial cushions |
|
|
Day 40 |
Final cusion formation AV Valve cusps |
|
|
Common defect in kids born to moms with lupus |
Heart Block |
|
|
An AVSD would be fully formed at ___ fetal days |
30-40 |
|
|
VSD V= 4m/s SBP= 104 PAP=? |
40 mmHg |
|
|
Atrio-ventricular connection 1) 2) 3) |
1 Normal 2 inverted 3 double inlet ventricle |
|
|
VSD is ______ sytolic/diastolic? |
systolic |
|
|
AVSD is the result or arrest of development of the heart at ________ days gestation |
33 days |
|
|
AVSD is associated with: |
Downs Syndrome/ trisomy 21 |
|
|
CVP |
Central venous pressure 4v2 +cvp (5 or 10 mmHg) |
|
|
With _______the heart is turned to the right so the LV is in front and RV in back. (not mirror image) |
dextroversion |
|
|
Types of pulmonary venous connections A) B) |
A) Normal B) Anomalous -total or partial |
|
|
D TGA |
|
|
S1 |
MV and RV CLOSURE |
|
|
Basic Cardiac Position A B C |
A Levocardia B Dextrocardia C Mesocardia |
|
|
Malalignment VSD is seen in 1 2 3 |
1 TOF 2 Trucus 3 DORV all can be cyanotic |
|
|
L TGA |
|
|
AVSD is also called: (2 THINGS) |
1. complete AVSD canal defect 2. Endocardial cushion defect |
|
|
An ostium primum ASD and inlet VSD is called? |
AVSD |
|
|
Partial AVSD is either (2 THINGS)
|
1. Ostium primum ASD plus cleft in anterior MV leaflet or septal TV Leaflet 2. Inlet VSD and cleft of MV or TV |
|
|
Classic VSD Echo features (3 THINGS) |
1. LA dilation 2 LV and RV Volume Overload 3 Normal septal motion |
|
|
Most anterior part of heart in dextroversion is the_______ |
LA |
|
|
S1 S2 S3 S4 |
S1 AV CLOSE S2 SEMI-LUNAR CLOSE S3 VENT FILLING S4 ATRIAL CONTRACTION |
|
|
THE S1 AND S2 HEART SOUNDS ARE GENERATED BY VALVE___________ |
CLOSURE |
|
|
DORV |
|
|
DEXTROVERSION MEANS TURNED TO THE________ |
RIGHT |
|
|
IAA IS A _____ ________LESION |
DUCTAL DEPENDENT, R->L |
|
|
DTGA FIX= |
JATENE+LE COMPTE +CORNOARY BUTTONS |
|
|
WITH MS, YOU GET________ENLARGEMENT |
LEFT ATRIAL |
|
|
NORMAL MV AREA |
4-6CM2 |
|
|
THE____ THE PRESSURE 1/2 TIME, THE SMALLER THE VALVE AREA= MORE STENOTIC |
HIGHER |
|
|
THE TIME IT TAKES FOR THE TRANSMITRAL PRESSURE GRADIENT TO DECREASE BY HALF= |
MV PRESSURE 1/2 TIME |
|
|
A SUPRAVALVULAR MITRAL RING IS CLOSER TO THE _______THAN THE ______ COR TRIATIATUM IS PROXIMAL TO THE ______ |
MV LAA LAA |
|
|
THE MOST COMMON CORONARY IN TOF IS A ______ |
BIFURCATED RCA RATHER THAN LEFT MAIN |
|
|
HIGH PULMOARY BLOOD FLOW: 1 2 3 |
1 TGA 2 TRUNCUS 3 TAPVR |
|
|
IN FETAL CIRCULATION THE ABSOLUTE HIGHEST O2 CONTENT IS THE ______ |
UMBILICAL VEIN
|
|
|
LTGA IS ASSOCIATED WITH _________ |
HEART BLOCK |
|
|
NORMALS (CO,HR.SV) FOR A NEWBORN= |
CO= 700-800 ML/MIN HR= 145 BPM SV=5ML |
|
|
FOR A SUBAORTIC (DISCRETE) MEMBRANE, REPORT: |
PEAK GRADIENT |
|
|
PULMONARY ATRESIA
|
|
|
AN ATRIAL SEPTOSTOMY IS NEEDED WHEN THE ASD VELOCITY IS >________ |
1 M/S |
|
|
MOST COMMON CARDIAC TUMOR IN CHILDHOOD |
RHABDOMYOMA |
|
|
WHICH OF THESE IS NOT IN KAWASAKI'S DISEASE? 1) PEELING HANDS AND FEET 2) COARTCT ANEURYSMS 3) FEVER 4) AI 5) LARGE OCCIPITAL LYMPH NODES |
4) AI |
|
|
MAX DIAMETER OF NORMAL LM AND RCA IN A 1 YEAR OLD |
3 MM |
|
|
TRUNCUS TYPE IV |
PA FROM DESC AO |
|
|
BT SHUNT= |
SUBCLAVIAN OR CAROTID TO PA
|
|
|
IN TOF THERE USUALLY IS A PROMINENT _____ ___________ FROM THE RCA OVER THE RVOT |
CONAL BRANCH |
|
|
RHABDOMYOMA IS WITHIN THE _______ |
MYOCARDIUM (TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS) |
|
|
TUBULAR SCLEROSIS |
The primary cardiac finding in people with the tuberous sclerosiscomplex (TSC) is the presence of rhabdomyomas. These are non-malignant (or non-cancerous) tumors that can occur anywhere in the heart, but most commonly occur in the ventricular and septal walls |
|
|
MUCOCUTANEOUS LYMPH NODE SYNDROME |
KAWASAKI |
|
|
IF YOU SEE DILATED CM, CHECK FOR_____ |
ALCAPA Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) |
|
|
TAMPONADE= |
ATRIAL VENTRICULAR COLLAPSE IN DIASTOLE |
|
|
POLYSPLENIA CAUSES: |
TWO LEFT SIDES |
|
|
ASPLENIA CAUSES: |
TWO RIGHT SIDES |
|
|
PERSISTENT FETAL CIRCULATION= MOST COMMON |
MECONIUM ASPIRATION |
|
|
IF YOU SEE AN INFANT W/ SEVERE PI, THINK OF |
ABSENT PV SYNDROME |
|
|
EISENMENGERS IS COMMON IN |
T21 DOWN SYNDROME |
|
|
CENTRAL SHUNT IS |
ASCENDING AO TO RPA |
|
|
DUCHENNE IS ASSOCIATED WITH _______CARDIOMYOPATHY |
RESTRICTIVE |
|
|
DIGEORGE LESIONS 1 2 3 4 |
1 IAA 2 TRUCUS 3 TOF 4 DORV |
|
|
DIGEORGE KIDS HAVE NO________ |
THYMUS |
|
|
NEWBORN IN CHF WITH LOWER FUNCTION RULE OUT: |
Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) |
|
|
ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER DOES NOT INCLUDE |
MS (TOO LONG STANDING) |
|
|
DEXTRO ANOMALOUS SYSTEMIC AND PULMONARY VENOUS RETURN + AVSD +PULMONARY ATRESIA |
ASPLENIA SYNDROME |
|
|
NEWBORN WITH 96% O2 IN RIGHT HAND, 80 %IN RIGHT FOOT: |
COULD BE: COARCT WITH PDA INTERUPTED R->L PDA FEMORAL ART CATH |
|
|
PERSISTENT FETAL CIRCULATION 2 |
RIGHT TO LEFT PFO AND PDA |
|
|
THE 5 TS OF CYANOTIC LESIONS + 2 |
1 TGA 2 TOF 3 TRUNCUS 4 TRICUSPID ATRESIA 5 TAPVR DORV HLHS |
|
|
YOU WOULD NEVER WANT TO CLOSE ________IN HLHS |
AN ASD OR PDA |
|
|
25% OF EBSTEINS HAVE ________ OR __________. |
WPW OR PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL-TACHY |
|
|
50%OF EBSTEINS CASES HAVE A ________ |
ASD |
|
|
IN HLHS THERE SHOULD BE A LARGE _____ TO _________ ______________ |
RIGHT TO LEFT PDA |
|
|
MARFANS, EHLERS-DANLOS CUTIS LAXA= |
AO DILATION MVP |
|
|
WALL MOTION SCORING |
1 NORMAL 2 HYPOKINESIS 3 AKINESIS 4 DYSKINESIS 5 ANEURYSMAL |
|
|
WILLIAMS TRAITS |
UPTURNED NOSE LONG UPPER LIP |
|
|
FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME CAUSES |
VSD |
|
|
A ______IS MANDATORY IN DORV |
VSD |
|
|
AN AP WINDOW IS A _____TO ______SHUNT |
LEFT TO RIGHT |
|
|
T18 LESIONS and traits |
#1 VSD CLEFT LIP LOW EARS ROCKER BOTTOM FEET CLENCHED HANDS |
|
|
INITIATES THE HEART BEAT FROM THE SA NODE CAUSING ATRIAL CONTRACTION SYSTOLE |
P WAVE |
|
|
INITIATES VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE CONTRACTION: |
QRS COMPLEX |
|
|
GLENN= |
SVC TO R AND LEFT PAs |
|
|
AN OSTIUM SECUNDUM ASD IS AT THE |
FOSSA OVALIS |
|
|
DORV IS CLASSIFIED BY WHERE THE _____IS |
VSD |
|
|
BULBO VENTRICULAR LOOP 1 2 |
DEXTRO NORMAL RV ON RIGHT LEVO RV ON LEFT "L FOR LEVO" |
|
|
INDICATES VENTRICULAR RECOVERY AND OCCURS DURING LATE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION |
T WAVE |
|
|
DELTA WAVE ON ECG |
WOLF PARKINSON WHITE GOES WITH EBSTEINS |
|
|
SANO= |
RV TO PA SHUNT |
|
|
HLHS SURGERIES 1 2 3 |
1. NORWOOD 2. GLENN 3. FONTAN |
|
|
EARLIEST FORM OF ECHO |
BATS JUST KIDDING MMODE WAIT NOT B MODE? |
|
|
TIME MOTION MODE= |
M MODE |
|
|
LA/AO RATIO=NORMAL ON M MODE |
<1.2 |
|
|
2D IMAGING IS ALSO CALLED 1 2A 2B |
1 MULTISCAN 2A SECTOR SCAN MECHANICAL 2B PHASED ARRAY |
|
|
TURNER SYNDROME IS MOST LIKELY ASSOCIATED WITH ___________. |
COARCTATION OF AORTA AND BICUSPID VALVE |
|
|
MOST TRISOMIES 13,18,21 Have_________ |
VSDs |
|
|
HOLT-ORAM LESION |
ASD ORAM PUTS THE A IN ASD |
|
|
ELLIS-VAN CREVALD TRAITS 1 2 |
1 ASSOCIATED WITH AMISH 2 DWARVES |
|
|
WITH AN ASD IT IS TYPICAL TO SEE INCREASED |
FLOW ACROSS THE PULMONARY VALVE |
|
|
THE MOST COMMON ASSOCIATED LESION WITH TOF________ |
RAA |
|
|
YOU WOULD SEE A PFO STRETCH WITH THESE TWO ADDITIONAL DEFECTS |
PDA AND VSD |
|
|
CONTINUOUS MURMUR |
PDA |
|
|
DKS SANO PROCEDURES |
HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME |
|
|
A PFO IS USUALLY ____ TO ____MM IN SIZE AND CAN STRETCH |
2-3 MM |
|
|
ELLIS VAN CREVALD THINK= |
THE AMISH HAVE ASDs |
|
|
DORV TYPES 1-4 |
I VSD RELATED TO AO II VSD RELATED TO PV III VSD TO BOTH IV VSD TO NEITHER |
|
|
IN TRUNCUS, IF THE SEMI-LUNAR VALVE IS COMPETANT THAN A ________IS PERFORMED |
RASTELLI RV TO PA CONDUIT |
|
|
ATRIAL SEPTATION FETAL OCCURS AT DAYS |
27-40 |
|
|
A CORONARY SINUS ASD IS ALSO CALLED |
UNROOFED CORONARY SINUS FLOW CS TO LA |
|
|
A CAVAL ASD IS ALSO CALLED |
INFERIOR SINUS VENOSUS |
|
|
IF THERE IS NO_______IN TRICUSPID ATRESIA, THEN THERE MUST BE A PDA |
VSD |
|
|
TURNER LESIONS (2 THINGS) |
CORAC, BI AO STENOSIS |
|
|
MOST COMMON ASSOCIATED LESION WITH T 21 |
AVSD OR ENDOCARDIAL CUSION DEFFECT |
|
|
IN TRICUSPID ATRESIA THER MUST BE A ________TO __________ ________ |
RIGHT TO LEFT SHUNT |
|
|
TGA AORTIC VALVE AND RV LIE TO THE LEFT |
L TGA ANATOMICALLY CORRECTED ACYANOTIC |
|
|
TURNERS THINK |
TURN AROUND THE AORTA |
|
|
L= ______ IN LTGA |
LEVO |
|
|
THE FAILURE OF SPIRALIZATION OF THE TRUNCUS SEPTUM |
D-TGA |
|
|
T13 PATAU TRAITS 4 |
1CLEFT LIP 2 EXTRA DIGITS 3 CLENCHED HANDS 4 WIDE NIPPLES
|
|
|
CONNECTS THE MPA TO THE AORTA THE FAULTY AORTA IS OVESEWN AND RV CONDUIT |
DKS |
|
|
WHEN THE PLACENTA IS REMOVED, THE _______CIRCULATION RESISTANCE INCREASES AND ______ _____CLOSES |
SYSTEMIC, DUCTUS VENOSUS |
|
|
IN HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME, THE ASCENDING AORTA FUNCTIONS AS |
COMMON CORONARY ARTERY
|
|
|
INFINDIBULAR, CONAL, SUPRACRISTAL, SUBPULMONARY, DOUBLY COMMITTED= |
OUTLET |
|
|
CONTRIBUTES TO THE INLET OF BOTH VENTRICLES AND PRIMARY LV FUNCTION |
PRIMATIVE VENTRICLE |
|
|
CONTRIBUTES TO THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE RV AND OUTFLOW TRACTS: |
BULBUS CORDIS |
|
|
LOW PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW: 4 |
1 TOF 2 TRICUSPID ATRESIA 3 PULM ATRESIA 4 PERSISTENT FETAL CIRCULATION |
|
|
SYSTOLIC HEART MURMUR 5 |
1 AS MID 2 PS MID 3 VSD HOLO 4 MR HOLO 5. TR HOLO |
|
|
TURNERS SYNDROME TRAITS |
SHORT PUFFY HANDS AND FEET WEBBED NECK LOW HAIRLINE |
|
|
D TGA +VSD+ PS = _______ REPAIR |
RASTELLI RV TO PA CONDUIT |
|
|
THE BEST MEASUREMENT FOR MS IS : |
P1/2 T |
|
|
Noonan trait |
ELF LIKE |
|
|
SMALL= MOD = LARGE = VSD |
SMALL<1/3 AO DIAMETER MOD 1/3-2/3 AO DIAMETER LARGE >2/3 AO DIAMETER |
|
|
THE FAILURE OF ABSOPTION OF LEFT CARDINAL VEINS = |
ANOMALOUS OR PERSISTENT LSVC |
|
|
A VASCULAR SLING IS |
LPA ORIGINATING FROM RIGHT |
|
|
VASCLAR RING IS CAUSED BY |
ANOMALOUS RSCA |
|
|
IN DORV IF THE AO AND PA ARE TRANSPOSED |
TAUSSIG BING
|
|
|
SV IS DETERMINED BY 3 |
1 PRELOAD END DIASTOLIC VOL 2 AFTERLOAD RESISTANCE OF SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION BP 3 CONTRACTILITY |
|
|
WILLIAMS LESIONS |
SUPRAVALVULAR AS WILLIAMS THINK I I V V A S |
|
|
ECHO GRADIENTS ARE ________AND CATH GRADIENTS ARE ______________ |
INSTANTANEOUS, PEAK TO PEAK |
|
|
DOUBLE INLET VENTRICLE |
|
|
STRADLING TRICUSPID VALVE |
|
|
_______ GOES WITH CORARCTATION OF AORTA |
BICUSPID AORTIC VALVE |
|
|
A ______ TO _____ PDA SUGGESTS PULMONARY HYPERTENSION |
R -> L |
|
|
ATRIAL MYOMA IS ______IN CHILDREN |
RARE |
|
|
THE AV VALVES ALWAYS STICK WITH THEIR _____ |
VENTRICLES |
|
|
IN TAPVR, A ______SHUNT IS REQUIRED |
R->L ASD |
|
|
TYPES OF TAPVR 4 |
1 MIXED 2% 2 SUPRACARDIAC 30% 3. CARDIAC 55% 4 INFRACARDIAC 13% |
|
|
RASHKIND |
BALLOON ATRIAL SEPTOSTOMY |
|
|
A ______ IS NOT A COMPNENT OF THE SHONE COMPLEX |
PDA |
|
|
for diffuse obstruction of an outflow use ____________gradients |
mean |
|
|
ms and ts are ________ or ___________ murmurs |
diastolic or presystolic murmurs |
|
|
_________ sided pressures are lower than __________ |
RIGHT LEFT |
|
|
THERE IS NOT TYPICALLY A ________ IN HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME |
R-> L VSD |
|
|
IN RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY, ________IS NOT COMMON |
ASYMMETRIC SEPTAL THICKENING
|
|
|
MALALIGNMENT VSD IS ASSOCIATED WITH |
TOF |
|
|
_______ __________ IS NOT SEEN IN DIGEORGE SYNDROME |
COMMON ATRIUM |
|
|
NORMAL HEMODYNAMICS CHANGE WITH AGE CO= HR= SV= |
CO INCREASES HR DECREASES STROKE VOLUME INCREASES |
|
|
A SINUS VENOSUS ASD IS MOST COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH |
PAPVR (R PULM VEIN) |
|
|
STRADDLING MITRAL VALVE |
|
|
CELLS ARE AT DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS AND AT MANY DIFFERENT AND FASTER VELOCITIES |
TURBULENT FLOW |
|
|
ALL CELLS ARE TRAVELING PARALLEL AND AT THE SAME VELOCITY |
LAMINAR FLOW |
|
|
PAPVR IS NOT A _______ LESION |
CYANOTIC |
|
|
UNROOFED CORONARY SINUS IS A ____TO______ SHUNT |
L->R |
|
|
AN UNROOFED CS IS MOST COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH |
LSVC |
|
|
TOF CONSISTS OF 4 |
1. MALIGNMENT VSD 2. PS OR PA 3. OVERRIDING AO 4. RVH |
|
|
RECORD ____ VELOCITY ACROSS ALL SHUNTS WITH _________ |
PEAK, CW |
|
|
PERMANENT INCREASE IN PULM VASC RESISTANCE DUE TO PULMONARY ARTERIOLAR DAMAGE |
EISENMENGERS SYNDROME |
|
|
TRABEULAR VSD ARE ALSO CALLED _____. |
MUSCULAR "THINK MUSCLES HAVE TRABECULATIONS" |
|
|
RECORD_________VELOCITIES IF PEAK IS >_________ |
MEAN, > 2 M/S |
|
|
IN A CORONARY SINUS ASD, CONTRAST INJECTED INTO THE LEFT ARM WILL ENTER THE _____FIRST |
LA |
|
|
DOPP EXAM: RECORD ______ FOR ALL 4 VALVES NYQUIST= (PW) |
PEAK VELOCITIES |
|
|
IN TOF VSD SHUNT IS USUALLY ____ TO ______= ________ |
RIGHT TO LEFT = CYANOTIC |
|
|
IAA IS ASSOCIATED WITH _______SYNDROME |
DIGEORGE |
|
|
INLET VSDS ARE ALSO CALLED |
ENDOCARDIAL CUSHION TYPE |
|
|
PDA and A -V fistula are ________murmurs |
continuous |
|
|
MVP is common in |
Marfan's syndrome |
|
|
A downward displacement and deformity of the TV= |
Ebstein's anomaly |
|
|
Swiss cheese VSDs are usually __________ |
muscular |
|
|
The close proximity of a __________VSD to the _______valve predispose the Ao to: |
Supracristal Ao, Ai and sinus rupture |
|
|
Failure of the endocardial cushion results in _______ VSD |
inlet |
|
|
A small VSD does not cause ________ or _______ |
dilation increase flow |
|
|
The most frequent lesion associated with sinus venosus ASD is ______ |
PAPVR usually right veins |
|
|
a large VSD in a newborn won't initial dilate or increase flow because of |
pulmonary vascular resistance is still high for 6 weeks |
|
|
Failure of truncal swellings to spiral causes |
transposition of the great vessels |
|
|
Failure of endocardial cushions causes ________ |
AVSD |
|
|
If the truncal valve fails to divide you get ___________ |
persistent truncus arteriosus |
|
|
A _______ is always present in an interrupted arch |
PDA |
|
|
In MS there is an increased ______ wave = increased filling velocity |
A wave |
|
|
D TGA fix old school or special situations |
Mustard Senning |
|
|
If the heart folds to the _____ you get ______ |
levo-loop or reversed ventricles |
|
|
CC -TGA or L TGA the aorta is ____ and _____ the PA is _____ and ______ |
anterior and left
posterior and right |
|
|
L TGA is also known is ____ |
congenitally corrected |
|
|
Coronary sinus empties into the ________ |
right atrium |
|
|
In L transposition ther is no ___ _____ |
MV to Ao continuity |
|
|
the heart normally folds to the |
right |
|
|
Day 24 in depth |
Bulboventricular loop because heart expands in restrictive pericardium |
|
|
s3 |
Ventricular filling (heart failure) |
|
|
MVA |
220/p1/2t |
|
|
Rapid filling 2 |
1 av valves open 2 most filling occus |
|
|
When all chordae insert in a single pap muscle= |
parachute mitral valve |
|
|
Parachute MV is in what syndrome |
Shone's complex. |
|
|
Cor triatriatum is caused by: |
TAPVR to a confulence of LA |
|
|
Obstruction of SVC casues |
facial neck and scalp swelling |
|
|
small ao valve, large PV R to L PDA= |
IAA |
|
|
PDA is _____ to ____ unless pulmonary hypertension is present |
left to right |
|
|
Rapid ejection 3 |
1 semilunar valves open 2 Ventricles contract 3 most of the ourflow occurs |
|
|
an increase in oxygen typically closes the fetal _______ |
PDA |
|
|
AI and PI are murmurs in what phase |
Diastolic
|
|
|
Ducts stay open in 3 |
1 congenital rubella 2 maternal diabetes 3 downs syndrome |
|
|
what are the consequences of l looping |
ventricles are inverted |
|
|
Map all shunts by |
color |
|
|
truncus arteriosus |
|
|
Prostaglandin |
Duct stays open |
|
|
Inlet VSDs are common with ______ASD. |
primum |
|
|
Supracristal VSD is also called |
suppulmonary |
|
|
Compare RV (PA) pressure to _______ |
SBP |
|
|
types of coarctation repairs 4 |
1 subclavian flap 2 Dacron/pericardial patch 3 end to end 4 balloon dilation stent |
|
|
PW Doppler uses _______ ___________ |
range gating |
|
|
At birth contractility increases due to 3 |
1 increases thyroid hormones 2 cortisol 3 catecholamines epi, nor epi |
|
|
in PW _____________and ___________ can be adjusted = _______ |
time, distance, sample volume |
|
|
A membranous VSD is also called_________ |
subaortic |
|
|
Freidrich ataxia is associated with |
HCM |
|
|
IN CRITICAL STENOSIS THE LV EF ________ AND GRADIENTS DO NOT REFLECT THE TRUE SEVERITY |
DECREASE |
|
|
MILD AS MOD AS SEV AS |
MILD< 40 MMHG MOD 40-60 MMHG SEV> 60 MMHG |
|
|
PA BANDS ARE USED IN 2 |
DORV AND SINGLE VENTRICLES |
|
|
TOF HAS ______MALALIGNMENT OF THE VSD |
ANTERIOR |
|
|
DILV IS AN
|
L TGA |
|
|
LEFT SIDED EBSTEINS IS SEEN IN |
L TGA |
|
|
THE RV INFUNDIBULUM CAN BE OBSTRUCTED BY THE __________ LEAFLET IN EBSTEINS |
ANTERIOR |
|
|
IN TRUNCUS THERE IS A SINGLE SEMI LUNAR VALVE WITH UP TO _______LEAFLETS |
5 |
|
|
PROSTAGLANDIN= INDUCIN= |
OPEN CLOSE |
|
|
IF THERE IS RV OUTFLOW TRACT GRADIENT OF PS THEN _____=________ PRESSURE |
RV= PA PRESSURE |
|
|
LA/AO RATIO BY M MODE SHOULD BE _______ |
<1.2 |
|
|
IN CALCULATING RV-RA GRADIENT FROM TR, USE_______MMHG IF LESS THAN 6 MONTH OLD |
5 MMHG IF GREATER THAN SIX MONTHS OLD=10 MMHG |
|
|
PRIMARY ECHOES HAVE ______ __________ REVERBERATIONS AND BLUR AND DEGRADE THE IMAGE |
SIDE LOBES |
|
|
___________FILTER OUT UNWANTED SIDE LOBES, REVERBERATIONS, NOISE AND CLUTTER |
HARMONICS |
|
|
WILLIAMS SYNDROME IS MOST LIKELY ASSOCIATED WITH_______ |
SUPRAVALVULAR AORTIC STENOSIS ALSO OOS AND PS SUPRAVALVULAR |
|
|
DORV IS ASSOCIATED WITH |
DIGEORG SYNDROME THINK DIDORV SYNDROME |
|
|
BIG RV AND BIG CS |
CARDIAC TYPE TAPVR |
|
|
BLUE BABY AND BIG RV |
TAPVR |
|
|
RT TO LEFT SHUNT |
QP CYANOTIC QP/QS<1.0 |
|
|
AN OSTIUM PRIMUM ASD IS MOST COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH |
CLEFT MV AND DOWNS SYNDROME |
|
|
IN DORV A _____LIES BENEATH EACH SEMILUNAR VALVE |
CONUS |
|
|
RIGHT TO LEFT SHUNTS INCREASES THE Q OF QS OR QP? |
QS |
|
|
LEFT TO RIGHT SHUNT INCREASE THE Q______ |
QP |
|
|
THE TENDON OF TODARO IS IN _______ |
KOCHS TRIANGLE |
|
|
AVSD IS |
ACYANOTIC |
|
|
A PLSVC DRAINS TO __________ |
CORONARY SINUS |
|
|
MOST COMMON VENOUS VARIANT |
PERSISTENT LSVC |
|
|
NOONAN's lesions |
PV STENOSIS DYSPLASTIC PV |
|
|
AN ASD CAUSES OVERLOAD OF 2 |
RA RV |
|
|
supravalvular ps is seen in |
WILLIAMS SYNDROME AND RUBELLA SYNDROME |
|
|
SUBAORTIC, INFRACRISTAL, MEMBRANOUS= |
PERIMEMBRANOUS VSD |
|
|
BLOOD FLOW IN ANOMALOUS LCA: |
RCA TO LCA TO PA |
|
|
A _______ IS NOT MANDATORY IN D TRANSPOSTION |
PDA |
|
|
D TGA REQUIRES A ___________AND __________ |
ASD, PDA |
|
|
SINUSOIDS ARE ASSOCIATED |
PULMONARY ATRESIA VENTRICULAR SEPTUM |
|
|
D TGA= _______ GREAT VESSELS |
PARALLEL |
|
|
OBLIGATORY SHUNT FOR INTERRUPTED ARCH |
RIGHT TO LEFT PDA PULMONARY TO DESCENDING |
|
|
ANOMALOUS RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN DOES NOT = _______ |
VASCULAR RING |
|
|
CORAC GRADIENT 3 M/S AS GRADIENT 2 M/S |
20 MMHG |
|
|
THE ______ ________ DIVIDES INTO THE LA AND RA (FETAL) |
PRIMITIVE ATRIUM |
|
|
INNOMINATE ARTERY BRANCES INTO 2 |
RCC AND RSC |
|
|
NOTE VALVULAR REGURGITATION BY _______ AND ________ |
CW AND COLOR |
|
|
IN AN UNROOFED CORONARY SINUS, BLOOD FLOW FROM ____TO ________TO ________ |
LA TO CS TO RA |
|
|
THE _______COURSES BETWEEN THE LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE AND THE MPA |
LCA |
|
|
HOLT ORAM TRAITS |
NO THUMBS |
|
|
VSD, MR AND TR ARE ALL _________ SYSTOLIC MURMURS |
HOLO (AKA PANSYSTOLIC) |
|
|
THE FIRST EVENT IN CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT IS ____________ |
CARDIAC LOOPING |
|
|
REDUCED EJECTION (2 THINGS) |
1 SLOWER EMPTYING 2 AV VALVE LEAFLETS DRIFT TOWARD EACHOTHER |
|
|
SHONE'S COMPLEX 5 (ANY THREE) |
1 SUPRAVALVAR MITRAL RING 2 PARACHUTE MV 3 SUB AO MEMBRANE 4 BICUSPID AO VALVE 5 COARCTATION |
|
|
CARDIAC INDEX |
CO/ BSA L/MIN/M2 |
|
|
A RIGHT AO ARCH IS COMMON IN _______ |
TOF |
|
|
THE LCA TRAVELS BETWEEN THE ________ AND _____________ |
LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE AND MPA |
|
|
ASDs cause (2 THINGS) |
RA AND RV VOLUME OVERLOAD, PARADOXICAL SEPTAL MOTION |
|
|
RECORD_________ AND ___________ VELOCITIES ACROSS SUB OR SUPRA VALVAR SENOSIS AND COARC |
PEAK AND MEAN |
|
|
LISTENING BEYOND A PW DISTANCE GIVES ERRORS |
EXCEEDS NYQUIST LIMIT |
|
|
AUTOGRAFT= HOMOGRAFT= |
SELF ANOTHER HUMAN |
|
|
LEFT OXYGEN SATS RIGHT OXYGEN SATS |
L 95-100% R 70-80% |
|
|
BECKER MD IS ASSOCIATED WITH |
DILATED CM |
|
|
8 TO 10% OF VSDs ARE |
INLET |
|
|
5-20% OF VSDs ARE |
TRABECULAR |
|
|
VSDs inlet trabecular membranous supracristal |
inlet- endocardial cusshion trabecular- muscular membranous- sub aortic supracristal - subpulmonary |
|
|
what percent of all VSDs are______? (most common) |
80% are membranous |
|
|
VSDs make up ______% of defects in hearts in kids? |
20% |
|
|
2-8% of VSDs are ________. 30% in Japan |
Supracristal |
|
|
Isovolumic ejection 3 |
1 increase pressure in ventricles 2 av valves close (all valves are now closed) 3 no volume change |
|
|
These 3 things exacerbate HOCM 3 |
1 Tachycadia 2 dehydration 3 beta agonists |
|
|
Contributes to the development of IVC, SVC, CS and RA |
Sinus Venosus |
|
|
The _____ portion of the ventricular septum forms from upward growth of the ventricular myocardium |
muscular |
|
|
contributes to the formation of Ao, PA and semilunar valves |
Truncus arteriosus |
|
|
Day 31 |
spiral septum= division of Truncus into PA and Ao |
|
|
The_______ portion of the ventricular septum forms from septation of bulbus |
outflow |
|
|
Day 20 in depth (3 THINGS) |
1) Aortic arches PAs, carotid, duct 2) sinus venosus= IVC SVC CS 3)Cardiac loop= forms primative atrium vents, bulbus cordis |
|
|
Ross-Kono procedure |
PV to Ao donor PV resection of LVOT with patch enlargement |
|
|
Homocystinuria is= |
coarct |
|
|
The most noticeable effect of a PDA is |
left atrial enlargement |
|
|
The ______ ________ crosses near where a PDA would be externally |
Laryngeal nerve |
|
|
A large PDA is usually durring the ____phase |
Diastolic
|
|
|
Associated defects to D TGA |
VSD ASD PS PDA |
|
|
Supracardiac = cardinal veins = (most common) |
LSVC, RSVC, azygous
|
|
|
Bernoulli |
4v2 |
|
|
Acyanotic Malformations (4 THINGS) |
1 left to right shunts 2 Ventricular outflow obstructions (as coract) 3 ao arch abnormalities 4 Ventricular inflow obstructions |
|
|
infracardiac=umbilic-vilelline= |
portal vein |
|
|
s2 |
av and pv closure
|
|
|
The AV node sits in the |
Koch's triangle |
|
|
If PVR is high, there may be little to no shunt in an _______ ________ |
AP window |
|
|
Remember that laminar Doppler is_______ and turbulent flow is_________ |
hollow filled in |
|
|
TAPVR causes an RV __________ __________ |
volume overload |
|
|
S-L-L TRANSPO L TGA |
NORMAL ATRIA INVERTED VENTRICLES INVERTED GREAT ARTERIES |
|
|
S-D-D TRANSP D TGA |
NORMAL ATRIA NORMAL VENTRICLES AORTA TO RIGHT
|
|
|
IN TAPVR ALL TYPES HAVE A ______ TO _____ _________ |
RIGHT TO LEFT ASD |
|
|
AN OSTIUM PRIMUM DEFECT IS WHEN THE ____ _______ FAILS TO CLOSE THE GAP |
SEPTUM PRIMUM |
|
|
FETAL SHUNTS 3 |
1 RIGHT TO LEFT PDA 2 RIGHT TO LEFT PFO 3 DUCTUS VENOSUS FROM PLACENTA |
|
|
IN EBSTEINS THE ______ AND _____ LEAFLETS ARE DISPLACE INFERIORLY |
SEPTAL AND POSTERIOR |
|
|
IN EBSTEINS THE _________ LEAFLET IS SAIL-LIKE WITH ABNORMAL CHORDAE |
ANTERIOR |
|
|
FIRST BREATH 5 |
1 LUNGS EXPAND 2 PRESSURE FALLS 3 O2 LEVEL IN AO INCREASED 4 PDA CLOSES 5 INCREASED PULM BLOOD FLOW AND INCREASED LA PRESSURE= PFO |
|
|
IN TAPVR 02 SATURATION ARE _______ |
EQUAL |
|
|
IF THERE IS ONLY _________ UMBILICAL ARTERY, THEN THE ODDS ARE THERE IS CHD |
ONE |
|
|
IN TRUNCUS THERE IS NO ________ |
PULMONARY VALVE |
|
|
THE CORONARY SINUS HAS THE ________ OXYGEN CONTENT IN THE WHOLE BODY |
LOWEST |
|
|
LARGE CORONARY SINUS ON PLAX IS SUSPICIOUS FOR |
PERSISTENT LEFT SUPERIOR VENA CAVA |
|
|
FAILURE TO SPIRAL LEADS TO |
TGA |
|
|
IN TOF AND TRUNCUS, MAKE SURE TO LOOK FOR _________ FROM THE DESC AO |
COLLATERALS |
|
|
IN HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME, THERE NEEDS TO BE A _________ TO _______ _________ |
LEFT to RIGHT ASD |
|
|
TWO TYPES OF DORV |
TOF TYPE TRANSPOTYPE TAUSSIG BING |
|
|
VISCERO ATRIAL SITUS S I A |
SOLITUS= NORMAL INVERSUS= RIGHT ON LEFT AMBIGUOUS= CAN'T TELL |
|
|
IN HLHS FLOW IS _____TO GET TO CORONARIES |
RETROGRADE |
|
|
THE _____ALWAYS STICK WITH ABDOMINAL ORGANS |
ATRIA |
|
|
CALCULATING FS |
LVIDD-LVIDS/ LVIDD |
|
|
CALCULATE PEAK RV PRESSURE FROM CW |
TR MAX+CVP |
|
|
THE BULBUS CORDIS TURNS INTO THE ________ |
RV OUTFLOW TRACT |
|
|
DOMING IN LONG AXIS MEANS THE VALVES |
CURVE |
|
|
COMPLETE VENTRICULAR SEPTATION REQUIRES FUSSION OF 3 |
1 ENDOCARDIAL CUSHION 2 MYOCARDIUM 3 BULBUS CORDIS |
|
|
CATH/ MEAN GRADIENTS ARE |
PEAK TO PEAK |
|
|
TGA AORTIC VALVE AND RV LIE TO THE RIGHT |
D TGA CYANOTIC |
|
|
THE ______PORTION OF THE VENTRICULAR SEPTUM FORMS FROM ENCOCARDIAL CUSHIONS |
INLET |
|
|
AS AND PS ARE _______SYSTOLIC |
MID AKA- CRESCENDO OR EJECTION MURMU |
|
|
S4 |
ATRIAL CONTRACTION |
|
|
T13 LESIONS 3 |
1 PDA 2 VSD 3 ASD
|
|
|
IN MS YOU CAN GET A _________ ______ ON THE VENTRICULAR WALL |
JET LESION |
|
|
CORONARY VEINS DRAIN TO THE __________ |
CORONARY SINUS |
|
|
EISENMENGERS CAUSES ________ |
CYANOSIS |
|
|
MALPOSED GREAT VESSELS 3 |
DORV DOLV SINGLE VENTRICLES |
|
|
INCREASED PV RESISTANCE WOULD CAUSE ______ VSD FLOW |
LESS |
|
|
______IS ASSOCIATED WITH CLEFT MITRAL VALVE |
OSTIUM PRIMUM ASD |
|
|
THE PATHALOGICAL DETERIORATION OR WEAKENING OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE |
MYXOMATOUS DEGENERATION |
|
|
DIASTASIS |
NOTHING HAPPENS WAITING FOR ATRIAL CONTRACTION |
|
Truncus type III |
PAs lateral |
|
|
CHARGE |
C coloboma funny iris H TOF, AVSD, ASD, VSD A choanal atresia R retarded growth G genital small E ear malformations |
|
|
Pulmonary atresia |
|
|
A superior mesenteric artery B celiac axis C abdominal aorta |
|
|
Normal |
|
|
L tga Ao anterior and left Pa Posterior and right |
|
|
Mitral Artesia |
|
|
D TGA Ao anterior and rightward PA posterior and leftward |
|
|
Overriding tricuspid |
|
|
MVP M MODE Pan systolic hammocking |
|
|
A svc B innominate vein C ao D RPA E LA F pulmonary veins |
|
|
1 central shunt 2 watersin-cooley 3 potts |
|
|
VACTeRL |
V vertebral anomalies A implerfutate anus C VSD, ASD, TET Te tracheoedophageal fistula R renal L limb |
|
|
Systolic Diastolic Atrial reversal |
|
Ssn bifurcation |
1RCCA 2 jv 3 RSCA |
|
|
|
|
|
AV Concordance |
|
|
|
|
|
Truncus arteriosus |
|
|
Tricuspid atresia |
|
|
MEMBRANOUS VSD SUB AORTIC SUPRACRISTAL VSD SUB PULMONIC |
|
|
Common AV valve |
|
|
PAs posterior |
|
|
Overriding mitral valve |
|
|
A ao B pa C rupv D rlpv E la F d ao G lupv H llpv |
|
|
Single trunk |
|
|
Normal |
|
Situs |
Ambiguous |
|
|
AV discordance |
