Career Step: Human Anatomy And Physiology And Disease Process Chapter 2: Muscles

Front 1

striated

Back 1

striped

Front 2

proprioception

Back 2

perception of the stimuli

Front 3

tendon

Back 3

fibrous, cord like band

Front 4

aponeurosis

Back 4

flat, white, ribbon like band

Front 5

musculoskeletal system

Back 5

muscles and skeleton

Front 6

rhomboideus

Back 6

A muscle of the back, shaped like a rhomboid

Front 7

triangularis

Back 7

A muscle of the face which is triangular in shape

Front 8

triceps

Back 8

A muscle with three (tri-) heads.

Front 9

biceps

Back 9

A muscle with two (bi-) heads

Front 10

pectoralis

Back 10

Chest muscle located within the pectoral girdle

Front 11

intercostal

Back 11

located between ribs (literally means between ribs)

Hint 11

None

Front 12

abdominis

Back 12

in the abdominal area

Hint 12

None

Front 13

zygomaticus

Back 13

Attached to the zygoma (bone of the face)

Front 14

sternocleidomastoid

Back 14

Attached to the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process of the skull

Front 15

maximus or major

Back 15

Both of these terms mean larger or largest

Front 16

minimus or minor

Back 16

smaller or smallest

Hint 16

None

Front 17

longus

Back 17

long

Hint 17

None

Front 18

brevis

Back 18

short

Hint 18

None

Front 19

oblique

Back 19

slanting or inclined direction.

Hint 19

None

Front 20

rectus

Back 20

straight

Hint 20

None

Front 21

transverse

Back 21

across or placed crosswise

Hint 21

None

Front 22

lateral

Back 22

further from the midpoint or to the side

Hint 22

None

Front 23

medial

Back 23

closer to the middle or the midline

Hint 23

None

Front 24

internal

Back 24

Situated or occurring within or on the inside

Front 25

external

Back 25

Situated or occurring on the outside

Front 26

adductor

Back 26

Movement to draw toward a medial plane

Front 27

extensor

Back 27

muscle which extends a joint

Hint 27

None

Front 28

flexor

Back 28

muscle which flexes a joint

Hint 28

None

Front 29

levator

Back 29

elevates or lifts an organ or structure

Front 30

anterior  =  antero-

Back 30

anteroinferior, anterolateral, anteromedial, anteroposterior in front or toward front of body part or organ, ventral or belly surface of body "frontal"

Front 31

coronal

Back 31

situated in the direction of the coronal suture. pertaining to head or crown.

Front 32

*distal  =  disto-

Back 32

distobuccal, distocervical, distolabial. remote; farther from any point of reference; opposite of proximal.

Front 33

*dorsal  =  dorso-

Back 33

dorsoanterior, dorsolateral, dorsomedial, dorsoposterior; pertaining to the back; a position more toward the back than antoher object of reference.

Front 34

inferior  =  infero-

Back 34

inferolateral, inferomedial, inferoposterior; situated below or directed downward; lower portion of an organ, lower of two structures

Front 35

lateral  =  latero-

Back 35

lateroposition, lateroversion. to the side; position farther form the midline of a structure

Front 36

medial  =  medio-

Back 36

mediocarpal, mediolateral. middle; midline of a body; pertaining to the middle layer

Front 37

posterior  =  postero-

Back 37

posteroinferior, posterolateral, posteromedial. situated in the back; also used in reference to the back or dorsal surface of the body.

Front 38

proximal

Back 38

nearest. closer to any point of reference; opposite of distal.

Front 39

superior  =  supero-

Back 39

superolateral, superomedial

Front 40

sagittal

Back 40

situated in or parallel to the sagittal suture; said of an anteroposterior plane or parallel to the median (middle) part of the body.

Front 41

transverse

Back 41

placed crosswise; situated at right angles to the long axis

Front 42

*ventral  =  ventro-

Back 42

ventrodorsal, ventrolateral, ventroposterior. pertaining to abdomen; more toward the belly surface

Front 43

atony

Back 43

Lack of normal tone or strength. happens in muscles which are deprived of innervation.

Front 44

atrophy

Back 44

wasting away or weakening of muscle fibers due to a lack of usage. many different kinds of atrophy.

Front 45

bursitis

Back 45

Inflammation of a bursa.

Front 46

bursa

Back 46

sac-like cavity filled with synovial fluid,located in places where tendons or muscles pass over bony prominences

Hint 46

None

Front 47

charley horse

Back 47

A bruised or torn muscle accompanied by cramps and severe pain. affects the quadriceps muscle

Hint 47

None

Front 48

cramp

Back 48

spasm or contraction of a muscle,severe, localized pain

Hint 48

None

Front 49

dystonia

Back 49

abnormal postures or disruptions of normal movement from alterations of muscle tone

Hint 49

None

Front 50

Dupuytren's contracture

Back 50

Painless thickening and contracture of the palmar fascia due to fibrous proliferation, loss of function of the fingers

Hint 50

None

Front 51

fasciculations

Back 51

Similar to fibrillations or tremors. A repetitive, involuntary contraction of muscle. The main cause is nerve damage.

Front 52

fibromyalgia

Back 52

myofascial pain syndrome

Front 53

fibromyositis

Back 53

Fibromyalgia (called also myofascial pain syndrome and fibromyositis) is a group of rheumatic disorders characterized by achy pain, tenderness, and stiffness of muscles and tendon insertions.

Front 54

ganglion

Back 54

A thin-walled band cyst formed on a joint capsule or tendon sheath.

Front 55

leiomyoma

Back 55

A benign tumor of smooth muscle tissue, e.g. the uterus.

Front 56

muscular dystrophy

Back 56

A genetic abnormality of muscle tissue characterized by dysfunction and ultimately deterioration.

Front 57

myalgia

Back 57

Muscle pain.

Front 58

myasthenia gravis

Back 58

A chronic progressive neuromuscular weakness, usually starting with the muscles of the face and throat.

Front 59

myopathy

Back 59

Any disease of the muscles.

Front 60

myositis ossificans

Back 60

Severe contusion or tearing of a muscle.

Front 61

paralysis

Back 61

loss of nervous control of a muscle. related to paraplegia or quadriplegia. many types.

Hint 61

None

Front 62

paraplegia

Back 62

Paralysis of the legs (lower extremities).

Front 63

quadriplegia

Back 63

Paralysis of all four limbs.

Front 64

plantar fasciitis

Back 64

pulling or stretching of the calcaneal periosteum by the plantar fascia,pain along the inner border of the plantar fascia. (achille's tendon, causing pain along bottom of foot)?

Hint 64

None

Front 65

polymyositis

Back 65

An autoimmune disorder which causes atrophy and weakness of the muscles.

Hint 65

None

Front 66

rigor mortis

Back 66

Rigor means chilled, stiffness, rigidity. muscular hardness occurring four to seven hours after death

Hint 66

None

Front 67

tendinitis

Back 67

inflammation of the tendon

Front 68

tenosynovitis

Back 68

inflammation of the tendon sheath

Front 69

tennis elbow

Back 69

painful condition of outer elbow, due to inflammation or irritation of the extensor tendon attachment of lateral humeral epicondyle.

Hint 69

None

Front 70

lateral and medial epicondylitis

Back 70

A strain of the lateral forearm muscles or the tendinous attachments near their origin on the epicondyle of the humerus.

Front 71

tetanus

Back 71

"lockjaw" caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, produces a toxin causes muscles to go into tetany (hyperexcitability of nerves and muscles, characterized by muscular cramps and twitching). Jaw muscles are affected first.

Hint 71

None

Front 72

torticollis

Back 72

Persistent contraction of a sternocleidomastoid muscle, drawing the head to one side and distorting the face. Causes rotation of the head.

Front 73

frontalis

Back 73

located above the eye

Front 74

temporalis

Back 74

side of head above both ears

Front 75

orbicularis oculi

Back 75

muscle surrounding the eye

Front 76

buccinator

Back 76

cheek muscle

Front 77

orbicularis oris

Back 77

around the mouth

Front 78

triangularis

Back 78

lower jaw muscle

Front 79

corrugator

Back 79

forehead, creates worry lines

Front 80

nasalis

Back 80

nose

Front 81

levator labii superioris

Back 81

lifts and is above lips

Front 82

greater zygomatic

Back 82

larger of the zygomatic muscles

Front 83

masseter

Back 83

found in the lower jaw

Front 84

platysma

Back 84

lower jaw down the neck

Front 85

anconeus

Back 85

located on the back of the humerus and extends the forearm

Hint 85

None

Front 86

extensor digiti minimi

Back 86

long narrow muscle on the ulnar side of the extensor digitorum communis muscle. assists in extension of the wrist and little finger.

Hint 86

None

Front 87

extensor digitorum communis

Back 87

positioned in center of the forearm along posterior surface, tendon divides into four tendons beneath the extensor retinaculum, which attaches to the distal tips of fingers one through four.

Hint 87

None

Front 88

flexor digitorum profundus

Back 88

lies just underneath the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. flexes the distal ends of the fingers (but not the thumb).

Front 89

flexor pollicis longus

Back 89

deep on the front of the radius,attaches at the base of the thumb and flexes the thumb and makes grasping possible.

Front 90

pronator teres

Back 90

on the upper middle part of the forearm, arising from the epicondyle (a prominence or projection on a bone). It turns the hand downwards (called pronation) and flexes the elbow.

Front 91

epicondyle

Back 91

A prominence or projection on a bone.

Front 92

pronator quadratus

Back 92

is deep and extends between the ulna and radius, It works with the other pronator muscle to rotate the palm of the hand down, as well as position the thumb medially.

Front 93

supinator

Back 93

positioned around the upper portion of the radius,t works with the biceps to turn the palm upwards (called supination).

Front 94

depressor anguli oris

Back 94

muscle originates on the lower part of the mandible, pulls down the angle of the mouth.(Names: depressor=depress, anguli=angle, oris=mouth).

Front 95

depressor labii inferioris

Back 95

also originates on the mandible and inserts on to the orbicularis muscle,it depresses the bottom lip.(Names: depressor=depress, labii=lips, inferioris=below or bottom).

Front 96

lateral pterygoid

Back 96

muscle of mastication, originates on the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone; moves the mandible and limits sideways jaw movement

Front 97

medial pterygoid

Back 97

muscle of mastication. Both pterygoid muscles are on the inside of the mandible. The medial pterygoid elevates the jaw and provides sideways jaw movement.

Front 98

mentalis

Back 98

originates on the chin and goes into the orbicularis oris muscle. elevates and protrudes the lower lip.allows for pouting.

Front 99

occipitalis

Back 99

The occipitalis muscle covers the occipital region of the skull.

Front 100

risorius

Back 100

originates on the side of the face and inserts on the orbicularis oris muscle. draws the angle of the mouth laterally (to the side), and enables the human being to smile.

Front 101

splenius capitis

Back 101

extends from the upper three cervical vertebrae to the temporal and occipital bones. extends and rotates the head.