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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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blood vessels |
jugular vein carotid artery brachial artery cephalic vein portal veins saphenous vein femoral artery caudal vena cava aorta cranial vena cava |
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CardiacCycle
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•Onecycle of atrial and ventricular contraction and relaxation
•Eachchamber goes through systole and diastole – not at the same time |
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Systole |
active contraction |
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Diastole
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relaxation/repolarization |
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cardiac output
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•Volumeof blood ejected from the left ventricle in one minute
•Determinedby stroke volume and heart rate •Increasesin HR increase CO to a point |
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CO =
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SV x HR
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(ml/min) =
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(ml/beat) x (beats/min)
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StrokeVolume
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•Preload
•Afterload •Alsoaffected by length of cardiac myocytes |
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stroke volume-preload |
volume of blood received from atrium
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stroke volume-afterload |
physical resistance by artery
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pulse |
•Rate of alternating stretching and recoiling of elastic fibers in arteries as blood passes with each heartbeat
•Bestpalpated in a medium artery lying against a firm surface •Equalto heart rate in healthy animals |
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blood pressure |
•Measurementof the pressure that flowing blood exerts on arterial walls
•Dependent on cardiac output, diameter and elasticity of vessel, and blood volume •Varies during cardiac cycle -Systolic -Diastolic |
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Methods for measurement of blood pressure
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- Oscillometric -Doppler ultrasound – typically systolic only |
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Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
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average pressure during one cardiac cycle
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CardiacConduction System
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Group of specialized cardiacmuscle cells in the walls of the heart that send signals to the heart muscle causing it to contract. •AVNode •Bundleof His •PurkinjeFibers |
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BloodCirculation in the Fetus
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•Fetusreceives oxygenated blood from mother via placenta (and through the umbilicalvein)•Lungsonly need enough oxygen to develop – no gas exchange – bypassed via circulation |
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Firstbreath after birth
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lung inflation triggers closure of foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus to shut down lung bypass
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