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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Consists of: |
Heart = pumps fluid through vessels Blood vessels = distribute blood throughout the body |
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Two types of systems: |
Open circulatory system = fluid circulates through open body chamber Closed circulatory system = fluid circulates through vessels & no direct contact with organs |
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Open circulatory system example: |
Most arthropods |
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Closed circulatory system example: |
Most vertebrates |
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Vertebrate heart |
- Four chambers - Arteries carry blood away from the heart - Left side carries blood towards the body - Right side carries blood towards the lungs |
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System flow on left side: |
Blood is received through pulmonary vein Blood arrives at left atrium Blood goes through mitral valve Blood arrives at left ventricle Blood goes through aortic valve Oxygenated blood is carried to body |
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System flow on right side: |
Blood is received through superior Vena Cava Blood arrives at right atrium Blood goes through tricuspid valve Blood arrives at right ventricle Blood goes through pulmonary artery Deoxygenated blood is carried towards lungs |
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Functions of valves |
Tricuspid & Mitral = prevents backflow into the atriums Aortic valve = holds oxygenated blood |
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Amphibians & most reptiles: |
- Three chambered heart - Separated atria - Blood can mix inside ventricle |
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Anteroventral valves: |
- Attached to the ventrice - Held in place by 'heart strings' ( Chordae tendineae ) - Fibres prevent edges from inverting & causing backflow - Blood can't flow back into the atrium |
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Blood vessels include: |
Arteries + arterioles Veins + venules Capillaries |
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Arteries & Arterioles |
Arteries: - Carry blood away from the heart - Thicker - Strong muscles = withstand pressure from heart - Lined with smooth muscle
Arterioles: - Branch off of the arteries - Constrict the blood flow - Can increase or decrease the blood direct to the surface of the skin
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Veins & Venules |
Veins: - Blood towards the heart - Valve to prevent backflow - Low pressure = elastic walls = hold blood up - Thinner walls Needs help from the valves and skeletal muscles = pressure causes muscles to contract which causes one valve to close and the other to open = two door system
Venules: - Thin walled - Small veins - Low pressure |
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Capillaries |
- One cell thick - Line up in a single file to move through - Very thin |
