• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/84

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

84 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Most common drugs to cause orthostatic hypotension
Doxazosin (Cardura)
Prazosin (Minipress)
Terazosin (Hytrin)
Bretylium (Darenthin)
Acebutolol (Sectral)
Beta-1 selective w/ intrinsic sympathetic activity
Antihypertensive
LosARTAN (Cozaar)
Angiotensin 1 receptor blocker
NO Bradykinin, H2O/Na retention
Tx: HTN w/ LV hypertrophy
CI: Pregnancy
SE: Rash, fever, taste
Block SNS reflex tachycardia
Beta blockers
Effect: Decrease -
HR, CO, BP, HDL, Excercise tolerance
Prophylactic therapy for PSVT
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Bepridil (Vascor)
Verapamil (Isoptin)
Furosemide (Lasix)
Loop diuretic most effective in pulmonary edema
Ethacrynic Acid (edecrin)
Loop diuretic used w/ sulfonamide allergies
Contraindicate diuretics in preganancy
ACE inhibitors - APRILs
ARB - ARTANs
Nitroglycerin
Used in acute anginal attacks
SE: HA
Increase - HR
Decrease - O2 demand
Alpha receptor agonists
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
PNS reflex bradycardia
Clonidine (Catapress)
Central CNS sympatholytic
SE: CNS
Abrupt withdrawal = Severe rebound hypertension
Decreases - Renin, SNS reflex tachycardia, PVR, BP
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Acts on Na/K ATPase
Effects on ill:
Inc. - CO, SV, PR interval
Dec. - HR, PVR
Effects on healthy:
NO change - CO
Inc. - SV, PVR
Dec. - HR
Affective in acute PSVT
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers
Digoxin
Adenosine
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Use: Ventricular arrythmia w/ CHF
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Use: Cerebral Edema
SE: Pulmonary edema
CI: CHF
Produce Gynecomastia
Sprinolactone (Aldactone)
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Methyldopa (Aldomet)
Effects of Calcium channel blockers
Bradycardia
peripheral edema
negative inotropic
constipation
Glucose intolerance
Niacin
PPAR-alpa receptor
Use: Hypertriglyceridemia
SE: Skin rash, flushing
inc. - ALP, aminotransferases,
cholelithiasis, gallstones
dec. - STATIN metabolism
Hydrochlorothiazide (Esiderix)
Thiazide diuretic
SE: Hypokalemia, hyperuricemia,masks hyperglycemia
CI: Gout, DM II
inc. - digoxin toxicity,
HR (SNS reflex tachycardia)
Renin
Dec - plasma K, Na, volume, PVR
Quinidine (Quinora)
Type 1a Na fast channels Antiarrhythmic
Blocks muscarinic action
Use: Atrial fib, flutter
PSVT
SE: Cinchonism, hemolytic anemia
Verapamil (Calan)
Shorterm treatment and prophylaxis for PSVT
May induce CHF
Sodium Nitroprusside (Nipride)
Use: HTN emergencies, IV
Probucol (Loreclo)
Use: Post angioplasty reduction of atherosclerosis
STATINs
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Use: Reduce LDL
hypercholesterolemia
CI: Pregnancy
SE: Liver damage, muscle pain/weakness
dec. - CRP, platelet aggragation
inc. - plaque stability, CK levels
Digitalis
Inc. in Ca induces toxicity
Dec. in K induces toxicity
Treat toxicity w/ K, NOT Ca
Triamteren (Dyrenium)
K sparing diuretic
Use: Combo therapy w/ Loopsdiuretics, CA inhibitors and Thiazides
SE: hyperkalemia, cardiac arrest, azotemia, megablastic anemia
Amiloride (Midamor)
K sparing Diuretic
Use: Lithium induced diabetes insipidus
Enalapril (Vasotec)
ACE inhibitor prodrug
Preferred HTN drug w/ hyperlipedemia
SE: nonproductive cough, rash, fever, taste
CI: 2-3rd trimester pregnancy
K sparing diuretics
Atenolol (Tenormin)
No vasodilator action
Methyldopa (Aldomet)
Use: HTN
dec. renin, BP, SNS reflex tachycardia
SE: CNS, hemolytic anemia, (+) Coombs test (IgG type II)
gynecomastia
inc. - prolactin
dec. - HR, CO
Systemic Lupus Erythmatous Syndrome
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
Procainamide (Pronestil)
Torsades de Pointes
Cause:
Quinidine (Quinora)
Procainamide (Pronestyl)
Sotalol (Betapace)
Bepridil (Vascor)
Tx: Magnesium
Dofetilide (Tikosyn)
Propranolol (Inderal)
Beta blocker
Class 1a response
Use: PSVT, Atrial fib, MI, CHF, migraines, block Isoproterenol
CI: ASTHMA, abrupt withdrawal
SE: Bradycardia, hypotension, mask hypoglycemia
inc - VLDL
dec - HDL
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Class 3 antiarrhythmic
Use: Drug of choice for life-threatening V-tach
ACLS for pulseless V-fib
SE: Heart failure,
tissue deposits,
thyroid dysfunction
Constipation
Liver toxicity
Diltiazem (Carditem)
Use: PSVT, V-tach w/ A-fib, flutter, Prinzmetal's Angina, HTN, angioplasty
SE: GI, constipation,bradycardia
Dobutamine (Dobutrex)
CNS sympathomimetic
Selective beta-1 agonist
G-protein receptor
IV treatment
dec - preload
inc - O2 consumption
Use: CHF, cardiogenic shock
SE: Hypotension, angina, tachycardia
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
Arterial Dilator
Use: HTN
SE: Fluid retention, angina, MI in CAD, SNS reflex tachycardia
inc - Renin, inotropic
Minoxidil (Loniten)
Use: HTN, male pattern baldness
SE: HA, flushing, palpitations
Adenosine (Adenocard)
Natural neucloside
Use: WPW syndrome drug of choice, PSVT
CI: A-V block, sick sinus syndrome
SE: Flushing, SOB, chest burning, paresthesia
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor diuretics
-ZOLAMIDEs
Proximal tubule inhibition of H/Na exchange, bicarb diuresis
Use: Glaucoma, acute mountain sickness, epilepsy adjuvant
SE:
dec - plasma Na, K, pH, NH3
CI: Cirrhosis, sulfonamide allergy
Gemifibrozil (Lopid)
PPAR-alpha receptor
Use: Hypertriglyceridemia, reduce VLDL,
SE: hypokalemia, GI, rash,
myopathy
CI: Coumadin (warafarin)
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
Blocks GI absorption of cholesterol
Combine w/ STATINs
ChOLestyramine (Questran)
Block bile reabsorption in GI
Use: High LDL w/ hypercholesterolemia
SE: Constipation, bloating, steatorrhea, galstones
inc - LDL receptors, LDL reuptake
dec - prothrombin, cholesterol
Ranolazine (Ranexa)
PFox
dec - LV wall tension
inc - coronary circulation
Use: Chronic Stable Angina
SE: dizzines, HA, constipation, nv
CI: hypokalemia, prolonged QT, renal failure, Torsade de points, ventricular dysfunction
SildenAFIL (Viagra)
Inhibits cGMP/PDE5 inhibitor
Use: Erectile dysfunction, Pulmonary HTN
SE: HA, flushing, dyspepsia, photophobia, blurred vision
Bosentan (Tracleer)
Type a^b endothelin-1 receptor antagonist
Use: Severe pulmonary HTN
SE: inc - hepatic enzymes
CI: Pregnancy
InamrINONE (Inocor)
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
inc - cAMP, contactility
Use: LV dysfunction in IHD
inc - CO
dec - PCWP, PVR
Mecamylamine (Inversine)
Ganglionic Blocker used with Torrette's syndrome
Trimethaphan (Arfonad)
Ganglionic Blocker used to treat HTN during neurosurgery
Cinchonism
Ototoxicity, angioedema, vertigo, tinnitus, visual disturbance, vasculaar collapse, thrompocytopenia
SE: Quinidine (Cardioquine)
Nitrate/ Nitrite side effects
Tachycardia
Water retention
Head ache
Flushing of skin
Dilates arteries and veins
Dilate Arterioles only
dec - preload
Minoxidil (Loniten)
Diazoxide (Hyperstat)
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
Fenoldopam (Corlopam)
Dilates both Artery/ Vein
dec - pre/ after- load
Nitros
Prazosin (Minipress)
Terazosin (Hytrin)
Doxazosin (Cardura)
Guanethidine (Ismelin)
Displaces NE from vesicles
Use: combo HTN therapy
SE: HTN in pheochromocytoma, fluid retention, postural hypotension, retrograde ejaculation
Reserpitine (Serpasil)
Inhibits NE transport
Use: Combo HTN therapy
SE: GI, sedation, xerostomia, stuffy nose
DI: MAOIs
Captopril (Capoten)
ACE inhibitor
Use: HTN, CHF, Renal insufficiency, diabetic neuropathy, scleroderma
SE:Dry cough, allergic rash, taste, hyperkalemia, angioedema
Thiazide diuretic electrolyte excretion
Na - inc
K - inc
Ca - dec
Mg - inc
Cl - inc
Bicarb - 0
Loop diuretic electrolyte excretion
Na - inc
K - inc
Ca - inc
Mg - inc
Cl - inc
Bicarb - 0
K sparing
ARB
ACE I diuretic electrolyte excretion
Na - inc
K - dec
Ca - 0
Mg - 0
Cl - inc
Bicarb - inc
CA inhibitor diuretic electrolyte excretion
Na - inc
K - inc
Ca - 0
Mg - 0
Cl - dec
Bicarb - inc
Variant Angina treatment
Nitrates and Calcium channel blockers
Angina w/ Asthma or diabetes
Tx: CCA, Nitros
CI: Beta blockers
Angina w/ Heart failure
Tx: Nitros
CI: Beta blockers, diliazem, verapamil
Angina w/ HTN
Tx: Beta blockers, CCA
CI: Nitros
Angina w/ peptic ulcer
Tx: Beta blockers, nitros
CI: CCA
Angina Pectoris
Tx: Beta blockers, CCA
w/HTN: ACEI, Diuretics
CI: ARB
Diabetes
Tx: ACEI, ARB, Diuretics
w/HTN: Beta blockers, CCA
Recurrent Stroke
Tx: ACEI
w/HTN: Diuretics
CI: ARB, Beta blockers, CCA
Heart failure
Tx: ACEI, ARB, Beta blockers, Diuretics
CI: CCA
Previous MI
Tx: Beta blockers, ACEI
CI: ARB, CCA, Diuretics
Chronic Renal disease
Tx: ACEI, ARB
w/HTN: Beta blockers, CCA
CI: Diuretics
Antiarrhythmic Class Ia
SA node conduction: +/-
AN node conduction: +/-
PR interval: +/-
QRS interval: +++
QT interval: ++
Antiarrhythmic Class Ib
SA node conduction: 0
AN node conduction: 0
PR interval: 0
QRS interval: 0
QT interval: 0
Antiarrhythmic Class II
SA node conduction: --
AN node conduction: ++
PR interval: ++
QRS interval: 0
QT interval: 0
Antiarrhythmic Class III
SA node conduction: --
AN node conduction: ++
PR interval: ++
QRS interval: 0
QT interval: +++
Antiarrhythmic Class IV
SA node conduction: --
AN node conduction: ++
PR interval: ++
QRS interval: 0
QT interval: 0
Antiarrhythmic Class Ia
Quinidine (Quinora)
Procainamide (Pronestyl)
Disopyramide (Norpace)
Antiarrhythmic Class Ib
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Tacainide (Tonocard)
Mexiletine (Mexitil)
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Class Ib antiarrhythmic
Use: Ventricular arrhytmias w/ digitalis toxicity
SE: Folic acid deficiency, dyscrasia, gingival hyperplasia, CNS
CI: diabetes, renal insufficiency
Mexiletine (Mexitil)
Class Ib antiarrhythmic
Use: diabetic neuropathy, Lidocaine resistant V-tach
SE: Hypotension, bradycardia, CNS
Antiarrhythmic Class Ic
Flecainide (Tambocor)
Propafenone (Rythmol)
Moricizine (Ethmozine)
Antiarrhythmic Class II
Propranolol (Inderal)
Timolol (Blocadren)
Nadolol (Corgard)
Metoprolol (Brevibloc)
Esmolol (Brevibloc)
Acebutolol (Sectral)
Antiarrhythmic Class III
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Sotalol (Betapace)
Bretylium (Darenthin)
Ibutilide (Corvert)
Dofetilide (Tikosyn)
Antiarrhythmic Class IV
Verapamil (Isoptin/ Calan)
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Bepridil (Vascor)