Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Most common drugs to cause orthostatic hypotension
|
Doxazosin (Cardura)
Prazosin (Minipress) Terazosin (Hytrin) Bretylium (Darenthin) |
|
Acebutolol (Sectral)
|
Beta-1 selective w/ intrinsic sympathetic activity
Antihypertensive |
|
LosARTAN (Cozaar)
|
Angiotensin 1 receptor blocker
NO Bradykinin, H2O/Na retention Tx: HTN w/ LV hypertrophy CI: Pregnancy SE: Rash, fever, taste |
|
Block SNS reflex tachycardia
|
Beta blockers
Effect: Decrease - HR, CO, BP, HDL, Excercise tolerance |
|
Prophylactic therapy for PSVT
|
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Bepridil (Vascor) Verapamil (Isoptin) |
|
Furosemide (Lasix)
|
Loop diuretic most effective in pulmonary edema
|
|
Ethacrynic Acid (edecrin)
|
Loop diuretic used w/ sulfonamide allergies
|
|
Contraindicate diuretics in preganancy
|
ACE inhibitors - APRILs
ARB - ARTANs |
|
Nitroglycerin
|
Used in acute anginal attacks
SE: HA Increase - HR Decrease - O2 demand |
|
Alpha receptor agonists
|
Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
PNS reflex bradycardia |
|
Clonidine (Catapress)
|
Central CNS sympatholytic
SE: CNS Abrupt withdrawal = Severe rebound hypertension Decreases - Renin, SNS reflex tachycardia, PVR, BP |
|
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
|
Acts on Na/K ATPase
Effects on ill: Inc. - CO, SV, PR interval Dec. - HR, PVR Effects on healthy: NO change - CO Inc. - SV, PVR Dec. - HR |
|
Affective in acute PSVT
|
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers Digoxin Adenosine |
|
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
|
Use: Ventricular arrythmia w/ CHF
|
|
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
|
Use: Cerebral Edema
SE: Pulmonary edema CI: CHF |
|
Produce Gynecomastia
|
Sprinolactone (Aldactone)
Digoxin (Lanoxin) Methyldopa (Aldomet) |
|
Effects of Calcium channel blockers
|
Bradycardia
peripheral edema negative inotropic constipation Glucose intolerance |
|
Niacin
|
PPAR-alpa receptor
Use: Hypertriglyceridemia SE: Skin rash, flushing inc. - ALP, aminotransferases, cholelithiasis, gallstones dec. - STATIN metabolism |
|
Hydrochlorothiazide (Esiderix)
|
Thiazide diuretic
SE: Hypokalemia, hyperuricemia,masks hyperglycemia CI: Gout, DM II inc. - digoxin toxicity, HR (SNS reflex tachycardia) Renin Dec - plasma K, Na, volume, PVR |
|
Quinidine (Quinora)
|
Type 1a Na fast channels Antiarrhythmic
Blocks muscarinic action Use: Atrial fib, flutter PSVT SE: Cinchonism, hemolytic anemia |
|
Verapamil (Calan)
|
Shorterm treatment and prophylaxis for PSVT
May induce CHF |
|
Sodium Nitroprusside (Nipride)
|
Use: HTN emergencies, IV
|
|
Probucol (Loreclo)
|
Use: Post angioplasty reduction of atherosclerosis
|
|
STATINs
|
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Use: Reduce LDL hypercholesterolemia CI: Pregnancy SE: Liver damage, muscle pain/weakness dec. - CRP, platelet aggragation inc. - plaque stability, CK levels |
|
Digitalis
|
Inc. in Ca induces toxicity
Dec. in K induces toxicity Treat toxicity w/ K, NOT Ca |
|
Triamteren (Dyrenium)
|
K sparing diuretic
Use: Combo therapy w/ Loopsdiuretics, CA inhibitors and Thiazides SE: hyperkalemia, cardiac arrest, azotemia, megablastic anemia |
|
Amiloride (Midamor)
|
K sparing Diuretic
Use: Lithium induced diabetes insipidus |
|
Enalapril (Vasotec)
|
ACE inhibitor prodrug
Preferred HTN drug w/ hyperlipedemia SE: nonproductive cough, rash, fever, taste CI: 2-3rd trimester pregnancy K sparing diuretics |
|
Atenolol (Tenormin)
|
No vasodilator action
|
|
Methyldopa (Aldomet)
|
Use: HTN
dec. renin, BP, SNS reflex tachycardia SE: CNS, hemolytic anemia, (+) Coombs test (IgG type II) gynecomastia inc. - prolactin dec. - HR, CO |
|
Systemic Lupus Erythmatous Syndrome
|
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
Procainamide (Pronestil) |
|
Torsades de Pointes
|
Cause:
Quinidine (Quinora) Procainamide (Pronestyl) Sotalol (Betapace) Bepridil (Vascor) Tx: Magnesium Dofetilide (Tikosyn) |
|
Propranolol (Inderal)
|
Beta blocker
Class 1a response Use: PSVT, Atrial fib, MI, CHF, migraines, block Isoproterenol CI: ASTHMA, abrupt withdrawal SE: Bradycardia, hypotension, mask hypoglycemia inc - VLDL dec - HDL |
|
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
|
Class 3 antiarrhythmic
Use: Drug of choice for life-threatening V-tach ACLS for pulseless V-fib SE: Heart failure, tissue deposits, thyroid dysfunction Constipation Liver toxicity |
|
Diltiazem (Carditem)
|
Use: PSVT, V-tach w/ A-fib, flutter, Prinzmetal's Angina, HTN, angioplasty
SE: GI, constipation,bradycardia |
|
Dobutamine (Dobutrex)
|
CNS sympathomimetic
Selective beta-1 agonist G-protein receptor IV treatment dec - preload inc - O2 consumption Use: CHF, cardiogenic shock SE: Hypotension, angina, tachycardia |
|
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
|
Arterial Dilator
Use: HTN SE: Fluid retention, angina, MI in CAD, SNS reflex tachycardia inc - Renin, inotropic |
|
Minoxidil (Loniten)
|
Use: HTN, male pattern baldness
SE: HA, flushing, palpitations |
|
Adenosine (Adenocard)
|
Natural neucloside
Use: WPW syndrome drug of choice, PSVT CI: A-V block, sick sinus syndrome SE: Flushing, SOB, chest burning, paresthesia |
|
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor diuretics
|
-ZOLAMIDEs
Proximal tubule inhibition of H/Na exchange, bicarb diuresis Use: Glaucoma, acute mountain sickness, epilepsy adjuvant SE: dec - plasma Na, K, pH, NH3 CI: Cirrhosis, sulfonamide allergy |
|
Gemifibrozil (Lopid)
|
PPAR-alpha receptor
Use: Hypertriglyceridemia, reduce VLDL, SE: hypokalemia, GI, rash, myopathy CI: Coumadin (warafarin) |
|
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
|
Blocks GI absorption of cholesterol
Combine w/ STATINs |
|
ChOLestyramine (Questran)
|
Block bile reabsorption in GI
Use: High LDL w/ hypercholesterolemia SE: Constipation, bloating, steatorrhea, galstones inc - LDL receptors, LDL reuptake dec - prothrombin, cholesterol |
|
Ranolazine (Ranexa)
|
PFox
dec - LV wall tension inc - coronary circulation Use: Chronic Stable Angina SE: dizzines, HA, constipation, nv CI: hypokalemia, prolonged QT, renal failure, Torsade de points, ventricular dysfunction |
|
SildenAFIL (Viagra)
|
Inhibits cGMP/PDE5 inhibitor
Use: Erectile dysfunction, Pulmonary HTN SE: HA, flushing, dyspepsia, photophobia, blurred vision |
|
Bosentan (Tracleer)
|
Type a^b endothelin-1 receptor antagonist
Use: Severe pulmonary HTN SE: inc - hepatic enzymes CI: Pregnancy |
|
InamrINONE (Inocor)
|
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
inc - cAMP, contactility Use: LV dysfunction in IHD inc - CO dec - PCWP, PVR |
|
Mecamylamine (Inversine)
|
Ganglionic Blocker used with Torrette's syndrome
|
|
Trimethaphan (Arfonad)
|
Ganglionic Blocker used to treat HTN during neurosurgery
|
|
Cinchonism
|
Ototoxicity, angioedema, vertigo, tinnitus, visual disturbance, vasculaar collapse, thrompocytopenia
SE: Quinidine (Cardioquine) |
|
Nitrate/ Nitrite side effects
|
Tachycardia
Water retention Head ache Flushing of skin Dilates arteries and veins |
|
Dilate Arterioles only
dec - preload |
Minoxidil (Loniten)
Diazoxide (Hyperstat) Hydralazine (Apresoline) Fenoldopam (Corlopam) |
|
Dilates both Artery/ Vein
dec - pre/ after- load |
Nitros
Prazosin (Minipress) Terazosin (Hytrin) Doxazosin (Cardura) |
|
Guanethidine (Ismelin)
|
Displaces NE from vesicles
Use: combo HTN therapy SE: HTN in pheochromocytoma, fluid retention, postural hypotension, retrograde ejaculation |
|
Reserpitine (Serpasil)
|
Inhibits NE transport
Use: Combo HTN therapy SE: GI, sedation, xerostomia, stuffy nose DI: MAOIs |
|
Captopril (Capoten)
|
ACE inhibitor
Use: HTN, CHF, Renal insufficiency, diabetic neuropathy, scleroderma SE:Dry cough, allergic rash, taste, hyperkalemia, angioedema |
|
Thiazide diuretic electrolyte excretion
|
Na - inc
K - inc Ca - dec Mg - inc Cl - inc Bicarb - 0 |
|
Loop diuretic electrolyte excretion
|
Na - inc
K - inc Ca - inc Mg - inc Cl - inc Bicarb - 0 |
|
K sparing
ARB ACE I diuretic electrolyte excretion |
Na - inc
K - dec Ca - 0 Mg - 0 Cl - inc Bicarb - inc |
|
CA inhibitor diuretic electrolyte excretion
|
Na - inc
K - inc Ca - 0 Mg - 0 Cl - dec Bicarb - inc |
|
Variant Angina treatment
|
Nitrates and Calcium channel blockers
|
|
Angina w/ Asthma or diabetes
|
Tx: CCA, Nitros
CI: Beta blockers |
|
Angina w/ Heart failure
|
Tx: Nitros
CI: Beta blockers, diliazem, verapamil |
|
Angina w/ HTN
|
Tx: Beta blockers, CCA
CI: Nitros |
|
Angina w/ peptic ulcer
|
Tx: Beta blockers, nitros
CI: CCA |
|
Angina Pectoris
|
Tx: Beta blockers, CCA
w/HTN: ACEI, Diuretics CI: ARB |
|
Diabetes
|
Tx: ACEI, ARB, Diuretics
w/HTN: Beta blockers, CCA |
|
Recurrent Stroke
|
Tx: ACEI
w/HTN: Diuretics CI: ARB, Beta blockers, CCA |
|
Heart failure
|
Tx: ACEI, ARB, Beta blockers, Diuretics
CI: CCA |
|
Previous MI
|
Tx: Beta blockers, ACEI
CI: ARB, CCA, Diuretics |
|
Chronic Renal disease
|
Tx: ACEI, ARB
w/HTN: Beta blockers, CCA CI: Diuretics |
|
Antiarrhythmic Class Ia
|
SA node conduction: +/-
AN node conduction: +/- PR interval: +/- QRS interval: +++ QT interval: ++ |
|
Antiarrhythmic Class Ib
|
SA node conduction: 0
AN node conduction: 0 PR interval: 0 QRS interval: 0 QT interval: 0 |
|
Antiarrhythmic Class II
|
SA node conduction: --
AN node conduction: ++ PR interval: ++ QRS interval: 0 QT interval: 0 |
|
Antiarrhythmic Class III
|
SA node conduction: --
AN node conduction: ++ PR interval: ++ QRS interval: 0 QT interval: +++ |
|
Antiarrhythmic Class IV
|
SA node conduction: --
AN node conduction: ++ PR interval: ++ QRS interval: 0 QT interval: 0 |
|
Antiarrhythmic Class Ia
|
Quinidine (Quinora)
Procainamide (Pronestyl) Disopyramide (Norpace) |
|
Antiarrhythmic Class Ib
|
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Phenytoin (Dilantin) Tacainide (Tonocard) Mexiletine (Mexitil) |
|
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
|
Class Ib antiarrhythmic
Use: Ventricular arrhytmias w/ digitalis toxicity SE: Folic acid deficiency, dyscrasia, gingival hyperplasia, CNS CI: diabetes, renal insufficiency |
|
Mexiletine (Mexitil)
|
Class Ib antiarrhythmic
Use: diabetic neuropathy, Lidocaine resistant V-tach SE: Hypotension, bradycardia, CNS |
|
Antiarrhythmic Class Ic
|
Flecainide (Tambocor)
Propafenone (Rythmol) Moricizine (Ethmozine) |
|
Antiarrhythmic Class II
|
Propranolol (Inderal)
Timolol (Blocadren) Nadolol (Corgard) Metoprolol (Brevibloc) Esmolol (Brevibloc) Acebutolol (Sectral) |
|
Antiarrhythmic Class III
|
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Sotalol (Betapace) Bretylium (Darenthin) Ibutilide (Corvert) Dofetilide (Tikosyn) |
|
Antiarrhythmic Class IV
|
Verapamil (Isoptin/ Calan)
Diltiazem (Cardizem) Bepridil (Vascor) |