Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
289 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Pronunciation of Acetazolamide
|
a-seet-a-ZOLE-a-mide
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Acetazolamide?
|
Diamox TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Acetazolamide
|
Diuretic
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Acetazolamide?
|
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
|
|
|
M.O.A of Acetazolamide?
|
Inhibits interconversion of carbonic acid and bicarbonate, increases renal NaHCO3 excretion, inhibits aqueous humor formation, causes metabolic acidosis (hyperchloremic)
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Acetazolamide
|
Treatment of open-angle glaucoma, mountain sickness, metabolic alkalosis, alkalinization of urine
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Acetazolamide
|
Tolerance to diuretic effect develops rapidly
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Acetazolamide
|
Paresthesia, urinary calculus formation [Ca(PO4)2]
|
|
|
Interactions of Acetazolamide
|
Decreases urinary excretion of weak bases
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Acetazolamide
|
dorzolamide
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Adenosine
|
a-DEN-oh-seen
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Adenosine?
|
Adenocard TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Adenosine
|
Antiarrhythmic agent
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Adenosine?
|
Purine nucleoside
|
|
|
M.O.A of Adenosine?
|
Opens potassium channels and blocks calcium influx in the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, slows atrioventricular conduction, increases atrioventricular refractory period
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Adenosine
|
Given as intravenous bolus
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Adenosine
|
Can causes transient asystole
|
|
|
Interactions of Adenosine
|
Dipyridamole inhibits uptake and increases it effects
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Adenosine
|
none
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Amiloride
|
a-MILL-oh-ride
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Amiloride?
|
Midamor TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Amiloride
|
Potassium-sparing diruretic
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Amiloride?
|
Epithelial sodium channel blocker
|
|
|
M.O.A of Amiloride?
|
Blocks Na+ channels in distal tubule and collecting duct, inhibits Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Amiloride
|
Often combined with thiazide or loop-acting diuretic
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Amiloride
|
Prevention and treatment of hypokalemia
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Amiloride
|
Hyperkalemia
|
|
|
Interactions of Amiloride
|
Additive effects on K+ with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and K+ supplements
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Amiloride
|
triamterene
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Amiodarone
|
am-EE-oh-da-rone
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Amiodarone?
|
Cordarone TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Amiodarone
|
Antiarrhythmic agent
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Amiodarone?
|
Cardiac ion channel blocker
|
|
|
M.O.A of Amiodarone?
|
Blocks K+, Na+, Ca++ channels and adrenergic Beta-receptors, prolongs cardiac repolarization, increases refractory periods, slows heart rate, increases PR and QT intervals
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Amiodarone
|
Very long half-life
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Amiodarone
|
Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, inculding ventricular fibrillation and tachycardia
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Amiodarone
|
Hypo- and hyperthyroidism, photosensitivity, blue-gray skin discoloration, corneal microdeposits, pulmonary fibrosis
|
|
|
Interactions of Amiodarone
|
Increases levels of digoxin, class I antiarrhythmic agents, cyclosporine, phenytoin, theophyline
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Amiodarone
|
none
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Amlodipine
|
am-LOE-di-peen
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Amlodipine?
|
Norvasc TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Amlodipine
|
Antihypertensive and antianginal agent
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Amlodipine?
|
Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
|
|
|
M.O.A of Amlodipine?
|
Blocks calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle, causing arteriolar vasodilation and increasing coronary blood flow
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Amlodipine
|
Hypertension, angina pectoris
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Amlodipine
|
Long half lfe (30-50 hours)
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Amlodipine
|
Headache, edema, hypotension
|
|
|
Interactions of Amlodipine
|
Levels and effects increased by concurrent ingestion of grapefruit juice
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Amlodipine
|
felodipine, isradipine, nifedipine, nisoldipine
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Carvedilol
|
car-ve-DYE-lole
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Carvedilol?
|
Coreg TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Carvedilol
|
Antihypertensive and heart failure treatment
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Carvedilol?
|
Non-selective adrenergic receptor antagonist
|
|
|
M.O.A of Carvedilol?
|
Blocks beta-1, beta-2, and alpha-1 receptors, exerts antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects, causes vasodilation
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Carvedilol
|
Heart Failure, decreases caridac remdoeling, disease progression, and mortality while improving symptoms, treatment of hypertension
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Carvedilol
|
Begin with low doses in heart failure and gradually increase
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Carvedilol
|
Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, fatigue, bradycardia, worsening of heart failure if dose too high
|
|
|
Interactions of Carvedilol
|
Effects increased by antihypertensive drugs, digoxin (bradycardia), monamine oxidase inhibitors, effects decreased by rifampin, throid hormones, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, decreases cardiovascular effects of dopamine or dobutamine
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Carvedilol
|
labetalol
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Clonidine
|
KLOE-ni-deen
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Clonidine?
|
Catapres TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Clonidine
|
Antihypertensive drug
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Clonidine?
|
Adrenergic alpha-2 receptor agonist
|
|
|
M.O.A of Clonidine?
|
Activates central alpha-2 receptors, decreases sympathetic outflow from vasomotor center, inhibits pain neurotransmission in spinal cord
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Clonidine
|
Hypertension, cancer pain unresponsive to opioids (epidural), Opioid withdrawal
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Clonidine
|
7-day transdermal system available, abrupt withdrawal may cause severe rebound hypertension
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Clonidine
|
Sedation and dry mouth
|
|
|
Interactions of Clonidine
|
Additive sedation with CNS depressants, additive hypotension with nitrates and antihypertensive drugs, antihypertensive effect decreased by tricyclic antidepressants and adrenergic receptor antagonists
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Clonidine
|
ganfacine, METHYLDOPA
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Digoxin
|
dij-OX-in
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Digoxin?
|
Lanoxin TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Digoxin
|
Cardiac stimulant
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Digoxin?
|
Digitalis glycoside (cardenolide)
|
|
|
M.O.A of Digoxin?
|
Inhibits Na+, K+-ATPase, increases intracellular Ca++ and cardiac contractility, slows atrioventricular conduction and increases atrioventricular refractory period
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Digoxin
|
Treatment of heart failure, used to slow ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Digoxin
|
Serum levels are used to assess dosage or confirm toxicity and should be in the range of 0.5 to 2 nanograms/mL
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Digoxin
|
Cardiac arrhythmias, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, yellow vision
|
|
|
Interactions of Digoxin
|
Amiodarone, quinidine, cyclosporine, diltiazem, and verapamil increase serum levels, diuretic-induced hypokalemia increases effects and toxicity
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Digoxin
|
none
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Diltiazem
|
dill-TYE-a-zem
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Diltiazem?
|
Cardizem TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Diltiazem
|
Vasodilator, antiarryhthmic agent
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Diltiazem?
|
Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
|
|
|
M.O.A of Diltiazem?
|
Blocks calcium channels in cardiac tissue and vascular smooth muscel, produces vasodilation, slows heart rate and conduction
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Diltiazem
|
Hypertension, angina pectoris, supraventricular tachycardia
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Diltiazem
|
Usually well tolerated
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Diltiazem
|
Dizziness, hypotension, peripheral edema, constipation, gingival hyperplasia
|
|
|
Interactions of Diltiazem
|
Increases levels of digoxin, cyclosporin, quinidine, carbamazepine, grapefruit juice increases serum levels
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Diltiazem
|
verapamil
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Dofetilide
|
doe-FET-i-lide
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Dofetilide?
|
Tikosyn TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Dofetilide
|
Antiarrhythmic agent
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Dofetilide?
|
K+ channel blocker
|
|
|
M.O.A of Dofetilide?
|
Blocks delayed rectifier K+ in cardia tissue, slows repolarization and prolongs refractory periods, increases QT interval
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Dofetilide
|
Prevention and treatment of atrial fibrillation and flutter
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Dofetilide
|
Monitor QT interval during initial dose titration and regularly thereafter
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Dofetilide
|
QT prolongation, torsades de pointes
|
|
|
Interactions of Dofetilide
|
Cimetidine, trimethoprim, ketoconazole, amiloride, and triamterene can increase levels and risk of arrhythmia
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Dofetilide
|
ibutilide
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Enalapril
|
ee-NAL-a-pril
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Enalapril?
|
Vasotec TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Enalapril
|
Antihypertensive agent
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Enalapril?
|
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
|
|
|
M.O.A of Enalapril?
|
Inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme and formation of angiotensin II, cause vasodilation, decreases aldosterone secretion, increases cardiac output, slows ventricular remodeling, and increases survival in heart failure
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Enalapril
|
Hypertension, heart failure, post-myocardial infarction, decrease progression o diabetic nephropathy
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Enalapril
|
Inhibits bradykinin degradation, causing cough and angioedema
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Enalapril
|
Hypotension, taste disturbances, dry cough
|
|
|
Interactions of Enalapril
|
Hyperkalemia if used with K+-sparring diuretics and K+ supplements
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Enalapril
|
benasepril, captopril, fosinopril, lisinopril, moexipril, quinapril, ramipril, trandolapril
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Esmolol
|
ES-moe-lol
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Esmolol?
|
Brevibloc TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Esmolol
|
Antiarrhythmic agent (class II)
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Esmolol?
|
Selective adrenergic Beta-1 blocker
|
|
|
M.O.A of Esmolol?
|
Blocks sympathetic stimulation of sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes, decreases heart rate, slows atrioventricular conduction, increases atrioventricular refractory period
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Esmolol
|
Sinus tachycardia and supraventricular arrhythmias, particularlly during and after surgery
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Esmolol
|
Rapidly metabolized by plasma esteraase, very short half-life
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Esmolol
|
Hypotension, bradycardia
|
|
|
Interactions of Esmolol
|
Additive hypotensive effect with nitrates and antihypertensive drugs, additive bradycardia with digoxin, decreases effects of dopamine and dobutamine, unoppposed alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation with epinephrine and related drugs
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Esmolol
|
acebutolol, ATENOLOL, betaxolol, bisoprolol, metoprolol
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Fenoldopam
|
fen-OL-doe-pam
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Fenoldopam?
|
Corlopam TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Fenoldopam
|
Antihypertensive
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Fenoldopam?
|
Agonist at dopamine D1-like receptors
|
|
|
M.O.A of Fenoldopam?
|
Causes arteriolar vasodilation, inclduing afferent and efferent renal arterioles, increases renal blood flow
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Fenoldopam
|
Hypertensive emergencies
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Fenoldopam
|
Rapid acting, short half-life of about 5 minutes
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Fenoldopam
|
Can reduce serum potassium levels, which should be monitored
|
|
|
Interactions of Fenoldopam
|
Concurrent use with adrenergic beta blockers may cause excessive hypotension and should be avoided
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Fenoldopam
|
none
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Furosemide
|
fur-OSE-e-mide
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Furosemide?
|
Lasix TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Furosemide
|
Loop-acting (high-ceiling) diuretic
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Furosemide?
|
Membrane ion transport inhibitor
|
|
|
M.O.A of Furosemide?
|
Inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter in ascending limb of loop of Henle, blocks sodium chloride reabsorption
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Furosemide
|
Edema, heart failure, hypertension, hypercalcemia
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Furosemide
|
Increases Na+/K+ exchange in collecting duct, leading to hypokalemia, increases Ca++ excretion
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Furosemide
|
Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyperuricemia, hypomagnesemia
|
|
|
Interactions of Furosemide
|
Additive hypotension with antihypertensive drugs and nitrates, additive hypokalemia with corticosteroids, amphotericin B and thiazide diuretics, decreases lithium excretion, increases ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Furosemide
|
bumetanide, torsemide
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Hydralazine
|
hye-DRAL-a-zeen
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Hydralazine?
|
Apresoline TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Hydralazine
|
Antihypertensive, heart failure
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Hydralazine?
|
Vasodilator
|
|
|
M.O.A of Hydralazine?
|
Alters intracellular Ca++ metabolism, relaxes arteriolar smooth muscle, causing vasodilation, decreases cardiac afterload
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Hydralazine
|
Moderate to severe hypertension, heart failure in combination with isosorbide dinitrate
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Hydralazine
|
Hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate is more effective than angiotensin inhibitors in black patients
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Hydralazine
|
Edema, reflex tachycardia and myocardial ischemia, lupus syndrome
|
|
|
Interactions of Hydralazine
|
Combined with beta-blockers and diuretic to prevent tachycardia and fluid retention
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Hydralazine
|
minoxidil
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Hydrochlorothiazide
|
hye-droe-klor-oh-THYE-a-zide
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Hydrochlorothiazide?
|
HydroDiuril TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Hydrochlorothiazide
|
Antihypertensive agent
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Hydrochlorothiazide?
|
Thiazide diuretic
|
|
|
M.O.A of Hydrochlorothiazide?
|
Inhibits NaCl transporter in distal tubule, increases excretion of Na+, K+, Cl-, decreases Ca++ excretion
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Hydrochlorothiazide
|
Hypertension, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Hydrochlorothiazide
|
Prevents cardiovascular complication of hypertension, including stroke and coronary artery disease
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Hydrochlorothiazide
|
Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyperuricemia and gout, increased insulin requirement
|
|
|
Interactions of Hydrochlorothiazide
|
Decreases excretion of litium, additive hypotension with antihypertensive drugs and nitrates, additive, hypokalemia with corticosteroids, amphotercin B, and loop diuretics
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Hydrochlorothiazide
|
chlorthalidone, indapamide, metolazone
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Labetalol
|
la-BATE-a-lole
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Labetalol?
|
Normodyne or Trandate TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Labetalol
|
Antihypertensive
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Labetalol?
|
Adrenergic alpha and beta receptor antagonist
|
|
|
M.O.A of Labetalol?
|
Selective alpha-1 and nonselective beta-1 and beta-2 blocker
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Labetalol
|
Hypertension
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Labetalol
|
Abrupt withdrawal may cause life-threatening hypertension, arrhythmias, or myocardial ischemia
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Labetalol
|
Postural hypotension
|
|
|
Interactions of Labetalol
|
Additive hypotensive effect with nitrates and antihypertensive drugs, additive bradycardia with digoxin, decreases effects of dopamine and dobutamine, unopposed alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation with epinephrine and related drugs
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Labetalol
|
carvedilol
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Mannitol
|
MAN-i-tol
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Mannitol?
|
Osmitrol TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Mannitol
|
Diuretic
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Mannitol?
|
Osmotic agent
|
|
|
M.O.A of Mannitol?
|
Osmotic attraction of edematous and occular fluid, filtered at glomerulus but not reabsorbed, increases elecrolyte excretion
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Mannitol
|
Oliguric renal failure, increased intracranial pressure (cerebral edema), acute glaucoma, toxic overdose
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Mannitol
|
Transient Volume expansion after intravenous administration
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Mannitol
|
Transient volume expansion, occasionally leading to pulmonary edema or heart failure, serum electrolyte imbalances
|
|
|
Interactions of Mannitol
|
None usually significant
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Mannitol
|
glycerol
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Methyldopa
|
meth-ill-DOE-pa
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Methyldopa?
|
Aldomet TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Methyldopa
|
Antihypertensive agent
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Methyldopa?
|
Adrenergic alpha-2 receptor agonist
|
|
|
M.O.A of Methyldopa?
|
Converted to methyl-norepinephrine which activates central alpha-2 receptors, decreases sympathetic outflow from vasomotor center
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Methyldopa
|
Hypertension
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Methyldopa
|
Can be used for hypertension in pregnanacy
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Methyldopa
|
Postive direct Coombs' test, rarely hemolytic anemia
|
|
|
Interactions of Methyldopa
|
Tricyclic antidepressants, nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs, phenothiazines can decrease effects
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Methyldopa
|
CLONIDINE, guanfacine
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Minoxidil
|
min-OX-a-dil
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Minoxidil?
|
Rogaine TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Minoxidil
|
Antihypertensive/hair growth stimulant
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Minoxidil?
|
Vasodilator, K+ channel opener
|
|
|
M.O.A of Minoxidil?
|
Opens K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle, causing hyperpolarization, muscle relaxation, and vasodilation, stimulates resting hair follicles (telogen phase) to become growth follicles (anagen phase)
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Minoxidil
|
Treatment of severe hypertension, topical treatment of alopecia
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Minoxidil
|
Effective as hair growth stimulant in bot men and women
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Minoxidil
|
Systemic administration: reflex tachycardia, angina, pericarditis, edema, pulmonary hypertension, hypertrichosis (excessive hair growth)
|
|
|
Interactions of Minoxidil
|
None usually significant
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Minoxidil
|
Hydralazine
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Nesiritide
|
ne-SEER-i-tide
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Nesiritide?
|
Natrecor TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Nesiritide
|
Heart failure treatment
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Nesiritide?
|
Recombinant human B-type natruretic peptide
|
|
|
M.O.A of Nesiritide?
|
Activates guanlylate cyclase receptor and increases cyclic guanosine monophosphate, dilates venous and arterial smooth muscle, decreases venous pressure, caridac preload, vascular congestion, and dyspnea
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Nesiritide
|
Treatment of decompensated heart failure
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Nesiritide
|
Intravenous administration
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Nesiritide
|
Hypotension
|
|
|
Interactions of Nesiritide
|
None reported
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Nesiritide
|
none
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Nitroglycerin
|
nye-troe-GLI-ser-in
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Nitroglycerin?
|
Nitro-stat Transderm-Nitro TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Nitroglycerin
|
Antianginal agent
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Nitroglycerin?
|
Organic nitrate
|
|
|
M.O.A of Nitroglycerin?
|
releases nitric oxide in vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation, increasing coronary blood flow, and decreasing myocardial oxygen demand
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Nitroglycerin
|
Prevention and treatment of angina pectoris
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Nitroglycerin
|
Rapidily absorbed after sublingual or lingual administration, short half-life
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Nitroglycerin
|
Headache, hypotension, syncope, reflex tachycardia
|
|
|
Interactions of Nitroglycerin
|
Increases vasodilative effect of sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Nitroglycerin
|
amyl nitrite, isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate, sodium nitrite
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Nitroprusside
|
nye-troe-PRUSS-ide
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Nitroprusside?
|
Nitropress TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Nitroprusside
|
Antihypertensive
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Nitroprusside?
|
Vasodilator
|
|
|
M.O.A of Nitroprusside?
|
Relaxes venous and arteriolar smooth muscle
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Nitroprusside
|
Hypertensive crises, acute heart failure or cardiogenic shock, controlled hypotension during surger
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Nitroprusside
|
Metabolized to cyanide and thiocynate, treat toxicity with sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Nitroprusside
|
Cyanide toxicity, hypotension, headache
|
|
|
Interactions of Nitroprusside
|
Increased hypotensive effect with general anesthetics and antihypertensive drugs
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Nitroprusside
|
none
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Propafenonone
|
proe-PAFF-e-none
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Propafenonone?
|
Rythmol TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Propafenonone
|
Antiarrhythmic agent
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Propafenonone?
|
Class I-c sodium channel blocker
|
|
|
M.O.A of Propafenonone?
|
blocks Na+ channels in cardiac tissue, slowing conduction and preventing re-entry, can increase PR QRS and QT duration
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Propafenonone
|
Supraventricular and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Propafenonone
|
Monitor ECG when starting therapy, most proarrhythmic events occur in first weeks of therapy
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Propafenonone
|
Arrhythmia, gastrointestinal disturbances, dizziniess
|
|
|
Interactions of Propafenonone
|
Increases digoxin levels
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Propafenonone
|
flecainide
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Quinidine
|
KWIN-i-deen
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Quinidine?
|
Quinidex Extentabs TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Quinidine
|
Antiarrhythmic agent
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Quinidine?
|
Class I-a sodium channel blocker
|
|
|
M.O.A of Quinidine?
|
Blocks Na+ and K+ channels in cardiac tissue, slowing conduction and increasing QRS and QT duration
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Quinidine
|
Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Quinidine
|
As the D-isomer of quinine, it can be administered intravenously for treating severely ill patients with malaria
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Quinidine
|
Arrhythmia, blurred vision, tinnitus, photophobia (cinchonism), frequently diarrhea
|
|
|
Interactions of Quinidine
|
Increases digoxin levels, quinidine levels increased by amiodarone, cimetidine, diltiazem, verapamil, and grapefruit juice
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Quinidine
|
disopyramide, procainamide
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Sotalol
|
SOE-ta-lole
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Sotalol?
|
Betapace TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Sotalol
|
Antiarrhythmic agent
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Sotalol?
|
Class III potassium channel blocker
|
|
|
M.O.A of Sotalol?
|
Blocks K+ channels in cardiac tissue, prolonging repolarization and increasing refractory period and QT interval, also blocks adrenergic beta receptors
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Sotalol
|
Supraventricular and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Sotalol
|
Increase dosing interval if creatinine clearance <60 mL/min
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Sotalol
|
Arrhythmias, including torsades de pointes
|
|
|
Interactions of Sotalol
|
Effects increased by antihypertensive drugs and nitrates (hypertension), digoxin (bradycardia), and verapamil (myocardial depression), may decrease effects of beta-adrenergic bronchodilators, theophylline, dobutamine, and dopamine
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Sotalol
|
None
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Spironolactone
|
speer-oh-no-LAK-tone
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Spironolactone?
|
Aldactone TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Spironolactone
|
Potassium-sparing diuretic
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Spironolactone?
|
Aldosterone antagonist
|
|
|
M.O.A of Spironolactone?
|
Blocks aldosterone receptors, increasing sodium excretion and decreasing potassium excretion
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Spironolactone
|
Primary hyperaldosteronism, hypokalemia, heart failure, hypertension
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Spironolactone
|
Eplerenone causes fewer anti-androgenic effects such as gynecomastia
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Spironolactone
|
Gynecomastia and impotence (males), hyperkalemia
|
|
|
Interactions of Spironolactone
|
Hyperkalemia if combined with angiotensin inhibitor and K+ supplements
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Spironolactone
|
eplerenone
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Valsartan
|
val-SAR-tan
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Valsartan?
|
Diovan TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Valsartan
|
Antihypertensive
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Valsartan?
|
Angiotensin receptor antagonist
|
|
|
M.O.A of Valsartan?
|
Blocks angiotension II receptors invascular smooth muscle and adrenal cortex, causing vasodilation, and decreasing aldosterone secretion
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Valsartan
|
Hypertension, heart failure, and nephropathy
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Valsartan
|
Causes less cough and angioedema than angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Valsartan
|
None are common
|
|
|
Interactions of Valsartan
|
Can cause hyperkalemia if combined with K+-sparring diuretic and K+ supplements
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Valsartan
|
candesartan, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, telmisartan
|
|
|
Pronunciation of Verapamil
|
ver-AP-a-mil
|
|
|
What is the brand name of Verapamil?
|
Calan TM, Isoptin TM
|
|
|
What is the Therapeutic Class of Verapamil
|
Antihypertensive and antianginal agent
|
|
|
What is the Pharmacologic Class of Verapamil?
|
Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker
|
|
|
M.O.A of Verapamil?
|
Blocks calcium channels in cardiac tissue and vascular smooth muscle, produces vasodilation, slows heart rate and conduction, decreases cardiac contractility
|
|
|
Clinical Uses of Verapamil
|
Hypertension, angina pectoris, supraventricular tachycardia, prevention of migraine headache
|
|
|
Special Considerations for Verapamil
|
Suppresses cardiac contractility more than other calcium channel blockers
|
|
|
Adverse Effects of Verapamil
|
hypotension, peripheral edema, heart failure, constipation, gingival hyperplasia
|
|
|
Interactions of Verapamil
|
Increases levels of digoxin, cyclosporine, quinidine, carbamazepine, grapefruit juice increases serum levels
|
|
|
Similar Drugs to Verapamil
|
diltiazem
|
