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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arteriosclerosis |
General term for all types of arterial changes |
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Atherosclerosis |
Presence of atheromas in large arterieslow |
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Low density lipoprotein |
Transports cholesterol to liver cells Contributes to atheroma formation “Bad” cholesterol |
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High density cholesterol |
Transports cholesterol away from the peripheral cells to liver “Good” cholesterol |
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Angina pectoris |
Deficit of oxygen to meet myocardial needs May precede MI Vasodilator may be prescribed |
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Myocardial Infarction |
Occurs when coronary artery is totally obstructed Atherosclerosis is the most common cause Pain may radiate to left arm Troponin will be elevated |
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Arrhythmias |
Deviations from normal cardiac rate or rhythm Reduction of efficiency of the hearts pumping cycle |
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Sick sinus syndrome |
Alternating bradycardia and tachycardia Often requires a pacemaker |
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Premature atrial contractions/beats |
Extra contraction or ectopic beats |
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Atrial flutter |
Heart rate of 160-350 bpm AV node delays conduction |
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Atrial fibrillation |
Over 350 bpm Causes pooling of blood in the atria Thrombus formation is a risk |
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Heart blocks |
Conduction excessively delayed or stopped at AV node or bundle of his |
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Ventricular fibrillation |
Muscle fibers contract independently and rapidly Cardiac standstill occurs |
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Cardiac arrest |
Cessation of all heart activity |
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Congestive heart failure |
Heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet metabolic demands |
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Ventricular septal defect |
Most common congenital heart defect Opening in the interventricular septum |
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Valvular defects |
Usually a affects aortic and pulmonary valves Stenosis or valvular incompetence |
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Tetralogy of fallot |
Blue baby syndrome Four abnormalities Pulmonary stenosis, VSD, Dextroposition of the aorta, Right ventricular hypertrophy |
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Rheumatic fever |
Acute systemic inflammatory condition Inflammation of the heart Red streaks on the side |
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Infective endocarditis |
Subacute- streptococcus viridans Acute- staphylococcus aureus, worse than subacute, vegetative valves |
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Petcatditis |
Inflammation of the pericardium Usually secondary to another condition |
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Primary hypertension |
Above 140/90 Increased arteriolar vasoconstriction Damage to arterial walls |
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Secondary hypertension |
Results from renal or endocrine disease |
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Malignant hypertension |
Severe and rapidly progressive with many complications Diastolic is extremely high |
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Peripheral vascular disease |
Disease in arteries outside the heart Most common in abdominal aorta, carotid arteries, femoral and iliac arteries |
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Aortic aneurysm |
Localized dilation and weakening of arterial wall Bulging wall on the side |
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Varicose ceins |
Irregular, dilated, tortuous areas of superficial veins |
