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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a cardiovascular disease?
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A disease affecting the heart and/or blood vessels
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What is hypertension?
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Sustained and prolonged high blood pressure.
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What effect does hypertension have on the cardiovascular system?
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Hypertension places stress on the heart and interior walls of vessels, which speeds up the deposition of fat onto arterial walls
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How can hypertension be treated?
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Lifestyle changes (diet and exercise) as well as pharmaceutical drugs.
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What is arteriosclerosis?
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Arteriosclerosis is the degeneration of the walls of the arteries – ‘hardening of the arteries’.
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What effect does arteriosclerosis have on the cardiovascular system?
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Loss of elasticity of artery walls and the narrowing of the lumen.
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What is atherosclerosis?
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The roughening and obstruction of the arterial walls.
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What effect does arteriosclerosis have on the cardiovascular system?
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Plaque deposits on the artery walls, --> Fibrous tissue develops --> becomes exposed to blood--> calcium deposits--> artery wall hardens
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What is coronary disease?
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Atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries.
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What effect does coronary disease have on the cardiovascular system?
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During exertion --> heart muscle cells are not supplied with enough O2 & nutrients
Can lead to angina and/or heart attacks |
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What is angina?
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Pain and/or a sensation of heaviness in chest caused by inadequate blood flow to heart muscle. Occurs when the heart is called upon to increase output (i.e. exercise)
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What effect does angina have on the cardiovascular system?
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Angina causes no damage to the heart.
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What is a heart attack?
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Blood flow to a section of heart muscle stops. Caused by plaque build up in the coronary arteries or a blood clot in an already narrowed artery (atherosclerosis).
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What effect does coronary disease have on the cardiovascular system?
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Lack of O2 causes a section of heart muscle to die as well as sudden and severe pain in the chest is due to lack of O2 – a.k.a myocardial infarction
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What is cardiac arrest?
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When a heart attack disrupts the normal rhythmic beat of the heart.
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What effect does cardiac arrest have on the cardiovascular system?
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Heart pumps little or no blood (not enough O2) – leading to death. Defibrillator is used to ‘shock’ the heart back into beating
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What is a stroke?
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Atherosclerosis of cerebral arteries (plaque and/or blood clot)
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What effect does cardiac arrest have on the cardiovascular system?
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Reduced blood = reduced O2 = brain cells die
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What is the difference between a cerebral thrombosis and cerebral haemorrhage?
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Cerebral thrombosis is when a blood clot forms in an artery that is partly blocked whereas a cerebral haemorrhage is where bleeding occurs at a weak point in the artery.
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What is peripheral vascular disease?
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diseases affecting veins and arteries in the limbs (usually the feet and legs).
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What are the three main types of peripheral vascular disease?
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Arteriosclerosis in the limb arteries, meaning blood flow to the limbs is slow or absent.
Phlebitis, which is the inflammation of a vein which may cause blood clots. Varicose veins, which are enlarged lengthened tortuous (squiggly) veins which are incapable of carrying blood back to the heart efficiently and may allow blood to accumulate in lower limbs. |
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What is the main cause of peripheral vascular disease?
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SMOKING.
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What are the factors influencing cardiovascular disease
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Age
Gender Diet High blood pressure High blood cholesterol Obesity Smoking Excessive alcohol consumption Physical Inactivity Use of performance enhancing drugs |
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Which factors of cardiovascular disease are uncontrollable?
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Age, Gender and heredity
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