Cardiovascular Circulation

Front 1

Given these types of arteries: 1. arterioles2. elastic arteries3. muscular arteriesArrange them in the order an erythrocyte passes through them as it leaves the heart.

A)1,2,3B)1,3,2C)2,3,1D)2,1,3E)3,2,1

Back 1

C)2,3,1

Front 2

Given these capillary types:1. continuous capillaries2. fenestrated capillaries3. sinusoidal capillaries4. sinusoids5. venous sinusesArrange these capillaries in order from those with the most permeable capillary wall to those with the least permeable capillary wall.A)1,2,3,4,5B)2,1,4,3,5C)3,1,2,4,5D)4,5,3,1,2E)5,4,3,2,1

Back 2

The sequence of capillaries from most permeable to least is: 5,4,3,2,1.

Front 3

Smooth muscle cells that regulate blood flow from the thoroughfare channel into capillaries are calledA)arterial capillaries.B)metarterioles.C)precapillary sphincters.D)venous capillaries.E)sinusoids.

Back 3

The tunica intima is the inner most layer of blood vessels consisting of endothelium, basement membrane, lamina propria, and an internal elastic membrane.

Front 4

Which of these blood vessels has tunica adventitia as the predominant layer?A)elastic arteriesB)medium arteriesC)arteriolesD)venulesE)large veins

Back 4

Large veins have all three tunics, with the tunica adventitia being their predominant layer.

Front 5

Small vessels that supply blood to the walls of veins and arteries are called theA)vasa vasorum.B)glomus.C)arteriovenus anastomosis.D)venules.E)varicose veins.

Back 5

Vasa vasorum are small blood vessels that penetrate the walls of arteries and veins that are larger than 1mm in diameter, supplying them with blood.

Front 6

Which of these vessels contain the most valves?A)elastic arteries near the heartB)small arteries in the upper extremitiesC)venules in the feetD)medium veins in the armsE)medium veins in the legs

Back 6

Medium veins of the legs contain the most valves.

Front 7

Which of these locations has naturally occurring arteriovenous anastomoses?A)brainB)heartC)sole of the footD)thoraxE)veins of the small intestine

Back 7

Naturally occurring arteriovenous anastomoses occur in the sole of the foot, as well as in the palm of the hand, terminal phalanges, and nail beds.

Front 8

The walls of most blood vessels are innervated byA)myelinated motor neurons.B)unmyelinated sensory neurons.C)unmyelinated motor neurons.D)unmyelinated parasympathetic neurons.E)unmyelinated sympathetic neurons.

Back 8

The walls of most blood vessels are innervated by unmyelinated sympathetic nerve fibers.

Front 9

A condition in which a fatlike substance containing cholesterol is deposited in the walls of arteries to form plaque is calledA)arteriosclerosis.B)atherosclerosis.C)aneurysm.D)anastomosis.E)phlebitis.

Back 9

Atherosclerosis refers to the deposition of a fatlike substance containing cholesterol in the walls of arteries, forming plaques.

Front 10

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation have the least effect onA)arterioles.B)elastic arteries.C)muscular arteries.D)small arteries.

Back 10

Vasoconstriction and vasodilation have the least effect on elastic arteries since they consists of a larger amount of elastic tissue with a smaller amount of smooth muscle compared to other arteries.

Front 11

Veins greater than 2mm in diameter haveA)no tunica adventitia.B)thicker walls than arteries.C)valves.D)no endothelial lining.E)no smooth muscle in their walls.

Back 11

Veins greater than 2 mm in diameter have valves.

Front 12

The first branch from the aortic arch is theA)brachiocephalic artery.B)left common carotid artery.C)right common carotid artery.D)left subclavian artery.E)right subclavian artery.

Back 12

The first branch from the aortic arch is the brachiocephalic artery.

Front 13

Given these vessels:1. basilar artery2. brachiocephalic artery3. circle of Willis4. right subclavian artery5. right vertebral arteryChoose the arrangement that lists the vessels in order going from the aorta to the brain.

Back 13

Correct Answer: In order, the sequence of vessels leading from the aorta to the brain is: 2,4,5,1,3.

Front 14

Given these arteries:1. brachiocephalic artery2. circle of Willis3. left subclavian artery4. left common carotid artery5. left internal carotid arteryChoose the arteries, in order, that an erythrocyte passes through traveling from the aorta to the brain.

Back 14

The sequence of arteries that an erythrocyte would pass through traveling from aorta to the brain is: 4, 5, 2.

Front 15

The artery that supplies blood to the structures of the neck and face is theA)axillary artery.B)brachial artery.C)external carotid artery.D)internal carotid artery.E)basilar artery.

Back 15

The external carotid artery supplies blood to the structures of the neck and face.

Front 16

The artery that supplies blood to the stomach, liver and spleen is theA)celiac trunk.B)inferior phrenic.C)inferior mesenteric.D)posterior intercostal.E)superior mesenteric.

Back 16

The celiac trunk has three major branches, the left gastric artery that helps supply blood to the stomach, the common hepatic artery that supplies blood to the liver, stomach, and duodenum, and the splenic artery that supplies blood to the spleen and pancreas.

Front 17

The posterior intercostal arteries branch from the __________ , whereas the anterior intercostal arteries branch from the __________ .A)aorta, subclavian arteriesB)aorta, internal thoracic arteriesC)subclavian arteries, aortaD)subclavian arteries, internal thoracic arteriesE)internal thoracic arteries, aorta

Back 17

The posterior intercostal arteries branch from the descending aorta, whereas the anterior intercostal arteries branch from the internal thoracic arteries.

Front 18

Which of these arteries is unpaired?A)hepatic arteryB)gonadal arteryC)renal arteryD)suprarenal arteryE)common iliac artery

Back 18

Only the hepatic artery is not paired.

Front 19

Which of these arteries carries blood to the diaphragm?A)anterior intercostalB)inferior mesentericC)inferior phrenicD)common hepaticE)gastroduodenal

Back 19

The inferior phrenic arteries carry blood to the inferior surface of the diaphragm.

Front 20

The artery that supplies blood to the small intestine and upper portion of the colon is theA)celiac trunk.B)common iliac artery.C)inferior mesenteric artery.D)posterior intercostal artery.E)superior mesenteric artery.

Back 20

The superior mesenteric artery supplies blood to the small intestines and the upper portion of the colon.

Front 21

Given these arteries:1. external iliac artery2. femoral artery3. fibular artery4. medial and lateral plantar arteries5. popliteal artery6. posterior tibial arteryChoose the arteries, in order, that an erythrocyte passes through traveling from the aorta to the foot.A)1,2,3,4,5,6B)1,2,5,6,3,4C)2,1,5,3,6,4D)3,6,4,2,1,5E)5,2,1,3,4,6

Back 21

The sequence of arteries an erythrocyte would pass through from aorta to the foot is: 1,2,5,6,3,4.

Front 22

Which of these veins drains blood from the posterior thoracic wall, and delivers blood to the superior vena cava?A)axillary veinB)azygos veinC)basilic veinD)internal jugular veinE)external jugular vein

Back 22

The azygos vein drains blood from the posterior thoracic wall and delivers blood to the superior vena cava.

Front 23

Which of these veins is a deep vein?A)basilic veinB)brachial veinC)cephalic veinD)median cubital veinE)great saphenous vein

Back 23

Correct Answer: The brachial vein is a deep vein. All the other choices are not.

Front 24

Given these veins:1. brachiocephalic vein2. internal jugular vein3. superior vena cava4. venous sinusesChoose the veins, in order, that an erythrocyte passes through traveling from the brain to the heart.A)1,2,3,4B)1,3,4,2C)2,3,4,1D)3,2,4,1E)4,2,1,3

Back 24

The sequence of veins that erythrocytes pass through from the brain to the heart is: 4,2,1,3.

Front 25

Which of these veins is frequently used as a site for drawing blood from a patient?A)brachial veinB)axillary veinC)median cubital veinD)radial veinE)basilic vein

Back 25

The median cubital vein, seen prominently on the anterior surface of the upper limb, at the cubital fossa, is a frequently used site for drawing blood.

Front 26

Given these veins:1. axillary vein2. basilic vein3. brachiocephalic vein4. subclavian veinChoose the veins, in order, that an erythrocyte passes through traveling from the hand to the superior vena cava.A)1,2,3,4B)1,4,3,2C)2,1,4,3D)3,2,4,1E)4,2,1,3

Back 26

The sequence of veins that an erythrocyte would pass through from the hand to the superior vena cava is: 2,1,4,3.

Front 27

Given these veins:1. hepatic vein2. hepatic portal vein3. inferior mesenteric vein4. splenic veinChoose the veins, in order, that an erythrocyte passes through traveling from the descending colon to the inferior vena cava.A)1,2,3,4B)1,4,3,2C)2,1,4,3D)3,4,2,1E)4,3,2,1

Back 27

The sequence of veins that an erythrocyte passes through from the descending colon to the inferior vena cava is: 3,4,2,1.

Front 28

Given these veins:1. left gonadal vein2. inferior vena cava3. left renal vein4. superior mesenteric veinChoose the veins, in order, that an erythrocyte passes through traveling from the left ovary to the heart.A)1,2,3,4B)1,3,2C)1,4,2D)1,3,4,2E)4,1,3

Back 28

The sequence of veins that an erythrocytes passes through from left ovary to the heart is: 1,3,2.

Front 29

Which of these areas is drained by the thoracic duct?A)lower limbsB)abdomenC)left thoraxD)left side of headE)all of these

Back 29

The thoracic duct drains the lower limbs, abdomen, left thorax and the left side of the head.

Front 30

If each of these factors is doubled, which has the greatest influence on blood flow?A)blood viscosityB)radius of the blood vesselC)length of the blood vesselD)pressure gradient

Back 30

Because flow is proportional to the 4th power of blood vessel's radius, a doubling of the radius would have the greatest influence on blood flow.

Front 31

Vascular complianceA)is greater in arteries than in veins.B)results in veins being blood storage areas.C)is the pressure at which blood vessels collapse.D)is caused by an increase in viscosity of the blood.E)is caused by increased vessel length.

Back 31

Because compliance is greater in veins than in arteries, they function as blood storage areas

Front 32

According to the law of Laplace,A)the force that stretches the wall of a blood vessel is proportional to the diameter of the vessel times blood pressure.B)as blood pressure decreases, the force acting on the wall of a blood vessel decreases.C)as the diameter of a blood vessel increases, the force acting on the wall of a blood vessel increases.D)aneurysms tend to increase in size.E)all of these

Back 32

The law of Laplace states that the force that stretches the wall of a blood vessel is proportional to the diameter of the vessel times blood pressure; therefore, as blood pressure decreases, the force acting on the wall of a blood vessel decreases, as the diameter of a blood vessel increases, the force acting on the wall of a blood vessel increases, and that is why aneurysms tend to increase in size.

Front 33

If a person has a systolic pressure of 100mm Hg, and a diastolic pressure of 70mm Hg, her pulse pressure isA)170mm Hg.B)85mm Hg.C)30mm Hg.D)25mm Hg.E)20mm Hg.

Back 33

Because pulse pressure is equal to systolic pressure minus the diastolic pressure, the answer is 30 mm Hg.

Front 34

At the capillary, __________ causes fluid to leave the capillary and __________ causes fluid to enter the capillary.A)blood pressure, osmosisB)osmosis, blood pressureC)blood pressure, lymphatic pressureD)lymphatic pressure, blood pressureE)vasoconstriction, vasodilation

Back 34

At the capillary, blood pressure causes fluid to leave the capillary and osmosis causes fluid to enter the capillary.

Front 35

Which of these causes precapillary sphincters to relax?A)increase in CO2 in tissuesB)decrease in pH in tissuesC)decrease in O2 levels in tissuesD)decrease in glucose in tissuesE)all of these

Back 35

Precapillary sphincters relax when there is an increase in CO2, a decrease in pH, a decrease in O2, and a decrease in glucose, in tissues.

Front 36

To determine mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO) is multiplied byA)diastolic pressure.B)systolic pressure.C)pulse pressure.D)peripheral resistance.E)0.67.

Back 36

Mean arterial pressure is equal to cardiac output multiplied by peripheral resistance.

Front 37

_________ mechanisms are most important for regulating mean arterial pressure on a short-term basis; __________ mechanisms are most important for regulating mean arterial pressure on a long-term basis.A)Baroreceptor, chemoreceptorB)Chemoreceptor, baroreceptorC)Chemoreceptor, hormonalD)Hormonal, baroreceptorE)Baroreceptor, hormonal

Back 37

Baroreceptor mechanisms are most important for regulating MAP on a short-term basis; hormonal mechanisms are most important for regulating MAP on a long-term basis.

Front 38

Which of these conditions occur as a result of increased angiotensin II production?A)vasodilation in arteriolesB)decreased peripheral resistanceC)decreased venous returnD)increased aldosterone secretionE)increased renin secretion

Back 38

Increased angiotensin II stimulates aldosterone secretion.

Front 39

Which of these mechanisms results in decreased blood pressure?A)increased production of angiotensin IIB)increased secretion of aldosteroneC)increased vasopressin secretionD)increased secretion of atrial natriuretic hormoneE)increased secretion of epinephrine

Back 39

Increased atrial natriuretic hormone results in decreased blood pressure because it causes dilation of arteries and veins, and increased urine production and Na+ loss (decreasing blood volume and therefore blood pressure).