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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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ICS
Dog = 3 - 3.5 Cat = 2 - 2.5 Apicobasilar length = 60% thoracic height 3/5th, 2/5th rule 3/5ths cranial = right heart 2/5ths caudal = left heart |
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Vertebral Heart Score
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Apicobasilar length
craniocaudal length start at T4 - sum the vertebral bodies normal range 8.7 - 10.7 breed specific ranges |
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Normal Size of Cardia Silhouette
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Heart is less than or 1/2 width of thorax at 9th rib
younger animals have rounder hearts deep chested dogs have rounder hearts roughly 40% of heart is to right of midline and 60% to the left |
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Pulmonary Vessels
Size: Location: Assesment: |
Size:
use 9th rib in VD/DV view use 4th on lateral view pulmonary vasculature should be equal width arteries and veins should appear equal in size Location: ABV - dorsal to ventral on lateral; lateral to medial on VD/DV Veins are ventral and central Assessing: aid radiographic diagnosis; vascular dynamics, ongoing pathophysiology |
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VD - 9th rib
lateral - 4th rib |
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Left atrial enlargement
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most common cardiomegaly
dilation, mitral valve disease pulmonary over circulation increased height of caudodorsal heart (2/5th rule) - Tracheal bifurcation elevated loss of caudal cardiac waist -stair step/backpack sign in R Lateral view Divergence of caudal bronchi -cowboy sign - possible bronchial compression Dilated left auricle -2-3 o'clock bulge (VD/DV view) |
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Left Ventricular Enlargment
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caused by: hypertrophy, dilation
cardiac disease: sub-aortic stenosis, heart failure increased height of caudodorsal heart often concurrent left atrial enlargement -tracheal bifurcation elevated - possible bronchial compression rounding/convex appearance of caudalventral aspect of the cardiac silhouette round of the apex on the VD view increased size of left heart |
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Right Atrial Enlargment
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uncommon
dilation tricuspid valve dysplasia bulge at craniodorsal aspect of cardiac silhouette on lateral view -loss of cranial cardiac waist Bulge of heart from 9:00 to 11:00 on VD/DV view -findings can overlap -dilation of aortic arch or MPA may appear similar |
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Right Ventricular Enlargment
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caused by: hypertrophy, dilation
Cardiac diseases: heartworm disease, pulmonic stenosis more readily identified than left ventricular enlargement increased sternal contact - >3 ICS on lateral view - consider breed variation Reverse 'D' -increased amount of right heart on VD/DV view, with concurrent rounding on right margin of heart Displaced cardiac apex |
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Generalized Cardiomegaly
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caused by: multiple chamber enlargement, pericardial space diseases
*caution: underinflated lungs, small breed dogs enlarged rounded appearing cardiac silhouette both right and left sided heart enlargment |
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Aorta
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Enlarged Cranial Aorta
-patent ductus arteriosus -aortic stenosis -redundant aorta - 11:00 - 1:00 -continuation with caudodorsal mediastinal facial plane Small aorta: right heart failure hypovolemia |
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Main Pulmonary Artery
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Enlarged:
DV/VD Focal bulge @ 1:00- 2:00 not easily seen on lateral view DDX: pulmonic stenosis patent ductus arteriosus Heartworm Disease |
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Caudal Vena Cava
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Variable Size:
Respiration cardiac cycle abdominal distention breed variation weight Enlarged: > 1.5 the width of aorta seen with right heart disease, volume overload decreased: subjective, hypovolemia |
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