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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Carotid sheath
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lateral: internal jugular vein
medial: common carotid artery posterior: vagus nerve VAN |
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the most commonly occluded coronary artery
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LAD: Left Anterior Descending artery
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the most posterior part of the heart
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left atrium
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enlargement of left atrium causes (2) ____.
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dysphagia = compression of esophageal nerve
or hoarseness = compression of the recurrent laryngeal n. (branch of vagus n.) |
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supplies posterior LV
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circumflex artery
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supplies apex and anterior IV septum
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LAD
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supplies posterior septum
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PD: Posterior Descending a.
(Interventricular artery) |
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supplies RV
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acute marginal a.
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3 systolic murmurs heard on the right 2nd interspace
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AS
flow murmur aortic valve sclerosis |
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2 diastolic murmurs heard on the left sternal border
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AR
PR |
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1 systolic murmur heard on the left sternal border
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hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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2 systolic ejection murmurs heard on the left 2nd interspace
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PS
flow murmur (ASD = atrial septal defect) ASD = high flow thru pulmonic valve --> pulmonary flow murmur & high flow across tricuspid --> diastolic rumble progression: dilatation of PA --> louder diastolic murmur of PR |
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2 pansystolic murmur on the left 3rd interspace
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TR
VSD: Ventricular Septal Defect |
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2 diastolic murmur on the left 3rd interspace
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TS
ASD |
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Systolic murmur heard on the left 4th interspace
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MR
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Diastolic murmur heard on the left 4th interspace
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MS
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5 HOCM (Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy) Maneuvers
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Valsalva
AmylNitrate Leg raising Squatting Handgrip = Phenylephrine VA LSH |
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2 *HOCN maneuvers to increase murmur
*Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy |
Valsalva
AmylNitrate |
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3 *HOCN maneuvers to decrease murmur
*Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy |
Leg Raising
Squatting Handgrip = Phenylephrine |
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holosystolic
high-pitched "blowing" murmur |
MR
TR |
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4 most common causes of MR
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ischemic heart disease
mitral valve prolapse LV dilation rheumatic fever |
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3 most causes of TR
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RV dilatation
endocarditis rheumatic fever |
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crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur following ejection click
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AS
*LVP >> systolic aortic pressure |
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AS signs (4)
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1. crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur after EC (ejection click)
2. radiates to carotid/apex 3. "pulsus parvus et tardus" (pulse weak vs. heart sounds) 4. syncope |
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holosystolic
harsh-sounding murmur loudest at left 3rd interspace |
VSD
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midsystolic click
late systolic murmur loudest at S2 |
mitral valve prolapse
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most frequent valvular lesion
but usually benign |
mitral valve prolapse
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immediate high-pitched "blowing" diastolic murmur
chronic: wide pulse pressure |
AR
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3 most common causes of AR
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aortic root dilation
bicuspid aortic valve rheumatic fever |
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opening snap --> late diastolic "rumble"
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MS
diastole: LAP >> LVP |
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most frequent cause of MS
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rheumatic fever
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continuous machine-like murmur
loudest at S2 |
PDA: Patent Ductus Arteriosus
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high intensity on INSPIRATION if defect is L or R side of heart?
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R
inspiration --> more blood flows into RA |
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high intensity on EXPIRATION if defect is L or R side of heart?
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L
expiration --> more blood flows into LA |