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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does PVC stand for? |
pre-ventricular contraction |
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List the 5 factors which make up a typical ECG wave pattern. ("Roger Rabbit Plays Piano Quietly") |
Rate Regularity P Wave PR interval QRST segment |
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Give the normal values for sinus rate. |
60-100 |
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Give the normal values for PRI |
3-5 small squares |
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Give the normal values for QRST |
1-3 small squares |
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Ifthe atrial rate is greater than 400, what condition is this known as? |
AF |
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Whatare the two different forms of AF and what are there values? |
controlled (V rate <100) or uncontrolled (V rate >100) |
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Physically,what is happening in the heart with AF? |
twitching, no contraction |
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Explain what AF would look like on ECG |
irregularly irregular spaces b/w cycles |
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What is the atrial discharge rate in atrial flutter? |
> 220 |
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Arial flutter p waves look like what on ECG? |
sawtooth ("flutter saw") |
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Ventricular arythmias have what kind of shaped QRS complex? |
wide |
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What's the most common cause of death in patients with CHD and what 2 things is this triggered by? |
VF. triggered by PVC's or VT |
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Why is VF lethal? |
no CO |
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When is the only time a pre-cordial thump administered? |
VF |
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Outline the medical Mx for VF |
precordial thump defib CPR intubation epinephrine resume defib |
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ST segment depression indicates what? |
ventricular ischaemia / angina |
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You are mobilising your patient and you see a ST segment depression. You LOOK at what? You CHECK what? You Act how? |
LOOK: at screen CHECK: consciousness, breathing ACT: pt to stop & rest alter activity if lead interfering replace large lead |
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Give the intrinsic rates for the pacemaker nodes of the heart. |
SA node: 60-100 bpm AV node: 40-60 bpm |
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Which cells back up the pacemaker nodes of the heart and what is their intrinsic rate? |
ventricular cells; 20-45 |
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What's the distance between the cones on an ISWT? |
9 metres |
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What does each shuttle on the ISWT indicate? |
10 metres |
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Give 12 steps / facts to the ISWT |
1. obtain Mx Hx 2. no encouragement 3. preq's & CI's 4. comfortable dress & appropriate footwear 5. inhaled bronchodilator meds i/in 1 hour of when pt arrives 6. pt rests for 15 min before starting 7. in time to audio CD beep 8. until too breathless or can no longer keep up 9. each shuttle represents 10m 10. monitor pt signs & symptoms 11. do each test twice for learning effect: best result recorded 12. two tests in the same day? 30min rests in b/w
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What can you say to your pt at each new level of the ISWT? |
"increase your speed now." |
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Your patient is 5m away from the cone when the beep sounds. What can you say to them? |
"You're not going fast enough, try to make up the speed this time." |
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Underwhat 3 circumstances do you end the ISWT? (excluding pt S & S's) |
1. pt more than 5 m away from cone on beep 2. pt reports being too breathless to continue 3. pt reaches 85% predicted HR |
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What 8 signs & symptoms elicited by the patient should make you stop the ISWT? |
1. chest pain consistent C angina 2. mental confusion 3. decreased coordination 4. light headedness 5. intolerable dyspnoea 6. leg cramps / extreme leg m fatigue 7. persistent sats <85% 8. any other clinically warranted reason |
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normal range for PH? |
7.35 - 7.45 |
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normal range for PaCO2? |
35 to 45 mmHg |
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normal range for Pa02? |
80-100 mmHg |
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normal range for HC03? |
22-26 mmol/l |
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normal range forBE/BD? |
+2 to -2 |
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normal RR for newborn? |
30-50 |
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normal HR for newborn? |
140 (80-200) |
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normal BP for newborn? |
50-70 / 25-45 |
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normal RR for 6 y.o? |
15-30 |
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normal HR for 6 y.o? |
75 ( 60 - 90) |
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normal BP for 6 y.o? |
95 -112 / 57 - 71 |
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normal RR for adult? |
12-16 |
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normal HR for adult? |
70 (50-100) |
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normal BP for adult? |
95 - 140 / 60 - 90 |
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normal SpO2 for all ages? |
95-100 |
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physio Ax of the cardio-respiratory patient involves what 4 aspects? |
look listen feel move |
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Explain Type 1 respiratory failure & provide 3 examples |
pt hypoxaemic low Pa02 but no changes to PaC02 likely high resps inc'd WOB e.g. asthma, pneumonia, pulmonary oedema
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Explain Type 2 respiratory failure and provide 3 examples |
pt hypoxaemic & hypercapnic due to hypoventilation chest injuries, drug o.d, neuromusc disease |
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Give 4 effects of hypoxaemia |
death of cells coma depressed mental activity reduced work capacity of muscles |
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Give 5 effects of hypercapnia |
1. death (100-150 mmHg) 2. coma 3. depressed mental activity (70 - 80 mmHg) 4. unbearable dyspnoea (60-80 mmHg) 5. tremors (flapping) 6. headaches 7. flushed |
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Which 2 graphs do spirometry display and what does each graph measure? |
volume time curve (measures exp. only) flow / volume loop (measures exp. & insp.) |
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Reversibility of lung disease requires what percentage of improvement in FEV1 post bronchodilators to confirm reversibility? |
15% |
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Give the equation for reversibility of lung disease. |
% change = post drug – pre drug X 100 pre drug |
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In spirometry the tests are completed how many times before the best result is used? |
3 |
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In spirometry pts are asked to take bronchodilators for how many hours before the test? |
12 |
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In spirometry the initial test is repeated how many minutes after administration of a bronchodilator and why? |
20 minutes to assess reversibility of any airway obstruction |
