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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Albuterol
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Beta-2 agonist
-bronchodilator |
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Propranolol
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Beta blocker
-negative inotrope, negative chronotrope -treats arrythmias, cardiomyopathy |
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amiodarone
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anti-arrhythmic
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digoxin
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anti-arrhythmic
-positive inotrope |
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procainamide
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anti-arrhythmic
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aminophylline
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bronchodilator
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diltiazem
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calcium channel blocker
-negative chronotrope, inotrope -vasodilator (decreases afterload) |
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amlodipine
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calcium channel blocker
-negative chronotrope, inotrope -vasodilator (decreases afterload) |
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pimobendan
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phosphodiesterase inhibitor
-positive inotrope, vasodilator -decreases afterload and preload -causes arrhythmias -causes mitral regurg when given to normal animals |
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amrinone, milrinone, enoximone
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phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor
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1st degree heart block
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prolonged P-R interval
-high vagal tone |
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2nd degree AV block (Mobitz type 1)
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P-R interval increases, then dropped beat
-high vagal tone -responds to atropine |
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2nd degree AV block (Mobitz type 2)
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-constant, but prolonged P-R interval
-not atropine responsive |
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3rd degree AV block
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no P-waves make it through
-ventricle is pacing |
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indications for pacemakers
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sinus arrest (sick sinus)
-2nd and 3rd degree heart block |
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causes of atrial standstill
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hyperkalemia
-muscular dystophy -atrial stretch (cardiomyopathy) |
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ECG findings of hyperkalemia
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reduced p wave amplitude
-prolonged P-R interval -slow HR -tall, spiked T waves |
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causes of sinus tachycardia
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pain, fever, anemia, hyperthyroidism
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treatment for A-fib
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digoxin, diltiazem
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causes of ventricular tachycardia
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GDV, hypoxemia, acidosis
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treatment of ventricular tachycardia
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lidocaine, mexilitine, procainamide (sodium channel blocker), beta-blocker, amiodarone
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arrythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
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boxer cardiomyopathy
-degeneration of myocytes -diagnose with more than 100 VPCs in 24 hours |
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Lung sounds with pulmonary edema
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bronchial sounds (only when severe)
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diastolic murmur, think
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aortic regurg due to bacterial endocarditis
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lasix for coughing dog?
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coughing more likely means left atrial enlargement, rather than pulmonary edema
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drugs that decrease after-load
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-hydralazine, amlodipine (arterial dilators)
-ACE inhibitors, oxygen (indirect arterial dilators) -beta-blockers (block epi's effects on heart and vessels) |
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drugs that decrease pre-load
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-Lasix (loop diuretic)
-Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist) -low salt diet -nitroglycerine, morphine (venodilators) |
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drugs that increase contractility
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-sympathomimetics
-digoxin -phosphodiesterase inhibitors (amrinone, milrinone, pimobendan - also vasodilate) |
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pulmonic stenosis
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uncommon in cats
-treat with balloon dilation -transventricular dilation -pulmonary patch graft |
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aortic stenosis
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-large breed dogs
-not many options due to pressure -valve dilation/resection have not been shown to help long term |
