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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
HCTZ?
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Diuretic
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Loop Diuretic?
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Diuretic
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Clonidine?
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Sympathoplegic
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Methyldopa?
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Sympathoplegic
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Hexamethonium?
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Sympathoplegic
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Reserpine?
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Sympathoplegic
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Guanethidein?
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Sympathoplegic
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Prazosin?
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Sympathoplegic
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BB?
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Sympathoplegic
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Hydralazine?
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Vasodilator
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Minoxidil?
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Vasodilator
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Nifedipine?
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Vasodilator
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Verapamil?
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Vasodilator?
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Nitroprusside?
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Vasodilator?
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Captopril?
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ACEI
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Enalapril?
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ACEI
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Fosinopril?
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ACEI
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Losartan?
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ARB
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Hypokalemia, slight hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, lassitude, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia
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HCTZ
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Potassium wasting, metabolic alkalosis, hypotension, ototoxicity
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Loop Diuretic
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Dry mouth, sedation, severe rebound hypotension
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Clonidine
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Sedation, positive Coomb's test
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Methyldopa
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Severe orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, constipation, sexual dysfunction
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Hexamethonium
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Sedation, depression, nasal stuffiness, diarrhea
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Reserpine
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Orthostatic and excercise hypotension, dizziness, HA
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Guanethidine
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1st dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, HA
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Prazosin
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Impotence, asthma, cardiovascular effects, CNS effects (sedation, sleep alterations)
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BB
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Nausea, HA, lupus-like syndrome, reflex tachycardia, angina, salt retention
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Hydralazine
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Hypertrichosis, pericardial effusion, relfex tachycardia, angina, salt retention
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Minoxidil
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Dizziness, flushing, constipation, nausea
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Nifedipine, verapamil
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Cyanide Toxicity
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Nitroprusside
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Hyperkalemia, Cough, Angioedemia, Proteinuria, Taste Changes, Hypotension, Pregnancy Problems (Fetal Renal Damage), Rash, Increased Renin, Lower Angiotension II
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ACEI
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Feta renal toxicity, hyperkalemia
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ARB
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First line drug for HTN in pregnancay along with methyldopa?
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Hydralazine
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What are the 2 types of Ca-channel blockers?
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Dihydropyridine, Non-Dihydropyridine
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Mech of dihydropyridine?
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Selective for calcium channels in vascular smooth muscle.
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Mech of nondihydropyridine?
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Selective for calcium channels in myocardium.
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Dihydropyridine drugs?
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Nifedipine, Nicardipine, Amlodipine, Nisoldipine
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Non-dihydropyridine drugs?
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Diltiazem, Verapamil
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Monday disease occurs with which drug?
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Nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate
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How do BB increase coronary blood flow?
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Increased diastole
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Lovastatin, Pravastatin, Simvastatin, Atorvastatin, mech?
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HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
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Cholesytramine, colestipol, mech?
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Bile acid resins
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Ezetimibe, mech?
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Cholesterol absorption blocker
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Gemfibrozil, clofibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate, group?
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Fibrates
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Drug that causes the following side effects? Expensive, reversible increase LFTs, myositis.
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HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
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Drug that causes the following side effects? Red, flushed face, which is decreased by aspirin or long-term use.
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Niacin
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Drug that causes the following side effect? Pts hate it, tastes bad and causes GI discomfort.
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Bile acid resins
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Greatest LDL lowering drug?
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Statin
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Greatest Increase in HDL?
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Niacin
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Greatest triglyceride lowering drug?
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Fibrate
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Calcium sensitizers?
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Ryanodine
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Digoxin half-life?
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40 hours
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Digoxin elimination?
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Urinary excretion.
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Digoxin clinical use?
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CHF (Increased contractility)
AFib (Decreased conduction AV node and depression of SA node) |
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Digoxin EKG effects?
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Increased PR
Decreased QT Scooping of ST segement T wave inversion |
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Digoxin side effects?
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Increased PS: N/V/D blurry yellow vision (think of Van Gogh). Arrhythmia.
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Digoxin Toxicities?
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Increased renal failure (decreased excretion), hypokalemia (potentiates drug's effects), and quinidine (decrease digoxin clearance; displaces digoxin from tissue binding sites)
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Digoxin antidote?
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Slowly normalize K+, lidocaine, cardiac pacer, anti-dig Fab fragments
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Class I Antiarrythimics?
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Na channel blockers
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Class II Antiarrythmics?
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BB
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Class III Antiarrythmics?
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Various ion channels + BB
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Class IV Antiarrythmics?
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CCB
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Class IA Antiarrythmics?
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Queen Amy Proclaims Diso's Pyramid
Q=Quinidine A=Amiodarone P=Procainamide D=Disopyramide |
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Class 1B Antiarrythmics?
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Lidocaine, Mexiletine, Tocainide
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Class 1C Antiarrythmics?
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Flecainide, Encainide, Propafenone
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Affects both atrial and ventricular arrythmias especially reentrant and ectopic supraventicular and ventricular tachycardia
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Class 1A
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Affect ischemic or depolarized Purkinjie and ventricular tissue. Useful in acute ventricular arrythmias (esp post-MI) and in digitalis-induced arrythmias.
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Class 1B
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Useful in V-tachs that progress to VF and in intractable SVT. Usually used only as last resort in refractory tachyarrythmias.
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Class IC
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The ONLY class of durgs that decreases the QT interval and thus decreases refractoriness.
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Class 1B
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What drug has following side effects? Cinchonism (HA, tinnitus, thrombocytopenia), Torsades de pointes due to increased QT interval
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Quinidine
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What drug has the following side effect? Reversible SLE like syndrome.
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Procainamide
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What drugs have the following side effects? Local anesthetic. CNS stimulation/depression, cardiovascular depression
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Class 1B
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What drug has following side effects? Proarrythmic, especially psot-MI (contraindicated). Significantly prolongs refractory period in AV node.
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Class 1C
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Only antiarrythmic that does not bind to an ion channel in the heart.
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Class II
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Best antiarrythmics to increase PR interval?
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Class II
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Class II antiarrythmic that is very short acting?
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Esmolol
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Class II antiarrythmic that can cause dyslipidemia?
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Metoprolol
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What are three things one must remember to check when using amiodarone?
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PFTs, LFTs, and TFTs
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When is it safe to use amiodarone?
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WPW Syndrome
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Which drug has the following side effects? Pulmonary fibrosis, corneal deposits, hepatotoxicity, skin deposits resulting in photodermatitis, neurologic deficits, constipation, cardiovascular effects (brady, heart block, CHF), hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism
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Amiodarone
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What class of drugs is used for the prevention of nodal arrythmias?
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Class IV
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Drug of choice in diagnosing/abolishing AV nodal arrythmias?
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Adenosine
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Depresses ectopic pacemakers, especially in digoxin toxicity.
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K+
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Effective in torsades de pointes and digoxin toxicity.
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Mg+
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Mech of Adenosine?
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Increases potassium channel opening.
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Advantage of adenosine?
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Very short lived effects; given i.v.
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