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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the leading cuase of death in the western world?
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atherosclerosis
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does atheroclerosis start in childhood?>
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yes
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transition from teh fatty streak to teh fibrous plaque in atherosclerosis involves what?
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smooth muscle cells laying down connective tissue (elastic fibers, collagen)
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in atherosclerosis, what do platelets release? and what does this do?
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Platelets release PDGF. This causes aggregation, thrombosis, and chemotaxis.
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are platelets involved in all stages of atherosclerosis?
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nope - not in the early stages. Only involved once endothelial cells are damaged
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Are t-lymphocytes involved in all stages of the disease process?
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yes.
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T-lymphocytes are the "specific" immune response in atherosclerosis. What are the Ag's they are responding to?
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oxidized LDL
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what do T-lymphocytes release that are important in macrophage and SMC recruitment?
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Interferon gamma
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what are teh two types of Nitric oxide, and what are their roles?
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eNOS (endothelial NO synthase): acts as a vasodilator & inhibits monocyte adhesion and platelet aggregation
iNOS: inducible NO synthase. Made by macrophages - destructive b/c it has oxidative properties |
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what is "diffuse atherosclerosis" caused by?
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transplant rejection - systemic insult to endothelial cells
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how could diabetes lead to endothelial damage (which in turn could encourage atherogenesis)
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abnormal amounts of circulating glycated proteins which increase cytokine production and oxidative stress
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what are some "non-conventional" risk factors that lead to atherogenesis?
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-lipoprotein A
-infectious agents (chlamydia, herpes) -oxidative stress -depression (a/w platelet aggregation) |
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C reactive protein is made by?
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the liver
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what 2 conditions is CRP a/w?
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diabetes type II, cardiovascular disase
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3 reaons why CRP plays an impt role in atherogenesis
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1. downregulates eNOS - decreased NO production and endothelial cell damage
2. triggers release of endothelin 3. acts as a chemoattractant to monocytes and helps them adhere to endothelial cells 4. |
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how is AII a RF for atherogenesis?
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1. can initiate endothelial cell damage via its vasoconstriction effects
2. elicit production of ROS 3. upregulate adhesion mlcls on endothelial cells |
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what is CRP?
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an acute phase protein
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what is "laminar sheer stress" and how is it atheroprotective
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inhibits proliferation, thrombosis and inflamm'n of a vessel
therefore, disturbed oscillatory flows are a/w atheroma formation |
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what is homocysteine
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product of methionine metabolism; can produce free radicals which promote LDL oxidation
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why is ageing a/w atherosclerosis?
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increase free radicals as you age
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