Cardiac Medications

Front 1

Produce a positive Inotropic effect

Back 1

Cardiac Glycosides - like digoxin

Front 2

Increase Cardiac output by increasing effectiveness of heart pump

Back 2

Cardiac Glycosides

Front 3

decreases rate of contraction by an action mediated through the vagus nerve.

Back 3

Cardiac Glycosides

Front 4

Effective in treating heart failure, atrial flutter, and fibrilation

Back 4

Cardiac Glycosides

Front 5

Examples of Cardiac Glycosides

Back 5

digitalis, digoxin

Front 6

Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and bradycardia are major side effects of which category of cardiac drugs

Back 6

Cardiac glycosides

Front 7

Premature ventricular complexes, yellow vision (xanthopenia), muscle weakness, blurred vision, and vomiting are signs of toxicity of which category of cardiac drugs

Back 7

Cardiac glycosides

Front 8

Treats abnormal variations in cardiac rate and rhythm

Back 8

Antidysrhythmics

Front 9

Suppress ectopic foci by increasing refractory period and slowing depolarization

Back 9

Class 1A antidysrhythmics

Front 10

Supress ventricular dysrhythmias by decreasing automaticity and increasing the ventricular electrical stimulation threshold

Back 10

Class 1B antidysrhythmics

Front 11

examples of class 1A antidysrhythmics

Back 11

HCI (pronestyl), quinidine preparations

Front 12

Examples of class 1B antidysrhythmics

Back 12

HCI (xylocain, mexiletine, tocainide, phenytoin

Front 13

Antidysrhythmics that slow conduction and increase ventricular refractoriness

Back 13

Flecainide (Class 1B)

Front 14

Antidysrhythmics that decrease heart rate, contractility, and automaticity by blocking adrenergic receptor sites from catecholimines, decrease myocardial workload and oxygen requirements

Back 14

Class II antidysrhythmics (Beta-blockers)

Front 15

Class of antidysrhythmic indicated for tachydysrhythmias, hypertension, and angina

Back 15

Class II (beta-blockers)

Front 16

Examples of Class II (beta blockers)

Back 16

propranolol, metoprolol, atenolol, timolol, nadolol, stoalol

Front 17

Antidysrhythmics that prolong repolarization

Back 17

Class III antidysrhythmics

Front 18

Antidysrythmic appropriate for ventricular tachycardia, fibrilation, and atrial flutter

Back 18

Class III antidysrhthmics

Front 19

Examples of Class III antidysrhythmics

Back 19

amiodarone, bretylium, ibutilide

Front 20

Block calcium influx into muscle celss during depolarization. Decrease cardiac automaticity and impulese conduction and reduce peripheral vascular resistance

Back 20

Class IV (calcium channel blocker)

Front 21

Examples of Class IV antidysrythmic (calcium-channel blocker)

Back 21

diltiazem, nifedipine, verapamil, amlodipine, felodipine

Front 22

Major side effects of antidysrythmics

Back 22

hypotension, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, heart block, heart failure, anticholinergic effect, blood dsycrasias,

Front 23

Signs of antidysrythmic toxicity include

Back 23

diarrhea, CNS disturbances, sensory disturbances

Front 24

Increase heart rate, act by either indirect or direct mechanism affecting the autonomic nervous system

Back 24

Cardiac Stimulants

Front 25

Examples of cardiac stimulants

Back 25

atropine sulfate, Epinephrine, Isoproterenol

Front 26

Supresses parasympathetic nervous system contraol at SA and AV nodes by reducing vagal stimulation, thus allowing the heart rate to increase

Back 26

Atropine Sulfate

Front 27

Stimulates the rate and force of cardiac contractions via the sympathetic nervous system

Back 27

Epinephrine

Front 28

stimuates beta adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system, thus increasing heart rate

Back 28

Isoproterenol

Front 29

Major side effects of cardiac stimulants include:

Back 29

tachycardia, headache, CNS stimulation, cardiac dysrhythmias

Front 30

Decrease Cardiac work and myocardial oxygen requirements by their vasodilatory action to decrease preload and afterload

Back 30

Coronary vasodillators

Front 31

Act directly at receptors in smooth muscles, causing vasodilation which dreases the preload, thus decreasing cardiac workload

Back 31

Nitrates

Front 32

Inhibit the influx of calcium ion across the cell membrane during depolarization of the cardiac and vascular smooth muscle

Back 32

Calcium channel blockers

Front 33

Effective in the treatment of angina pectoris

Back 33

Coronary vasodilators

Front 34

Major side effects of of coronary vasodilators include:

Back 34

headache, flushing, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, and dizziness

Front 35

Promote dilation of peripheral blood vessels thus decreasing blood pressure, peripheral vascular resistance and afterload, reduce cardiac contractility, reduce volume

Back 35

Antihypertensives

Front 36

Stop conversion of angitensin I to II, blocking vasoconstriction and fluid retention from aldosterone secretion

Back 36

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)

Front 37

Examples of ACE inhibitors include

Back 37

Captopril, enalapril, beazepril, lisinopril, quinipril, fosinopril

Front 38

Block angitensin II from binding to specific vascular smooth muscle and adreanl gland receptor sites, stop vasoconstriction and fluid retention

Back 38

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Front 39

Examples of Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Back 39

candesartan, irbesartan, losartan, valsartan

Front 40

Inhibit effects of norepinephrine y blocking the receptors that control vasomotor tone

Back 40

Alpha blockers

Front 41

Stop conversion of angitensin I to II, blocking vasoconstriction and fluid retention from aldosterone secretion

Back 41

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)

Front 42

Examples of ACE inhibitors include

Back 42

Captopril, enalapril, beazepril, lisinopril, quinipril, fosinopril

Front 43

Block angitensin II from binding to specific vascular smooth muscle and adreanl gland receptor sites, stop vasoconstriction and fluid retention

Back 43

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Front 44

Examples of Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Back 44

candesartan, irbesartan, losartan, valsartan

Front 45

Inhibit effects of norepinephrine y blocking the receptors that control vasomotor tone

Back 45

Alpha blockers

Front 46

Examples of Alpha blockers include

Back 46

dxazosin, prazosin, terazosin

Front 47

Create vasodilation, decreased contractility, and decreased heart rate

Back 47

Alpha-beta blockers

Front 48

Examples of alpha-beta blockers include

Back 48

Labetalol, carvedilol

Front 49

Decrease sympathetic activity from the CNS

Back 49

Central alpha agonists

Front 50

Examples of Central alpha agonists

Back 50

clonidine, methyldopa

Front 51

Relax the smooth muscles of the arterioles resulting in decreased peripheral vascular resistance

Back 51

Direct Vasodilators

Front 52

Examples of direct vasodilators include

Back 52

Hydralazine, minioxidil, nitroprusside sodium, diazoxide

Front 53

Major side effects of antihypertensives include

Back 53

Orthostatic hyptension, dizziness, cardiac rate alteration, sexual disturbances, blood sycrasias, Dry cough (ace Inhibitors)

Front 54

Interfere with sodium reabsorbtion in the kidney, increase urine output, which reduces hypervolemia, decrease preload and afterload

Back 54

Diuretics

Front 55

Interfere with sodium ion transport at the loop of henle and inhibit carbonic anydrase activity at the distal tubule sites

Back 55

Thiazides

Front 56

Examples of thiazides include

Back 56

chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, metolazone

Front 57

Interfere with aldosteron-induced reabsorption of sodium ions at distal nephron sites to increase sodium chloride excretion and dcrease potassium ion loss

Back 57

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Front 58

Examples of potassium sparing diuretics include

Back 58

spironlactone, triamterine, amiloride

Front 59

Interfere with active transport of sodium ions in loop of Henley and inhibit sodium chloride and water reabsorption at proximal tubule site

Back 59

Loop diuretics

Front 60

Examples of loop diuretics include

Back 60

ethacrynic acid, furosemide, bumetanide, toresmide

Front 61

Major side effects of diuretcs include

Back 61

GI irritation, hyponatremia, orthostatic hypotension, hyperuricemia, dehydration, hyperrglycemia, hyperkalemia, hypomagnesemia,

Front 62

Prevent fibrin formation by interfering with the production of various clotting factors in the coagulation process, prevent platelet aggregation and clot extension, used for prevention and treatment of thrombus and embolus

Back 62

Anticoagulants

Front 63

Examples of anti-coagulants include

Back 63

heprin, enoxaparin, dalteparin, warfarin sodium, aspirin, ticlopidine, clopidogrel

Front 64

Major side effects of anti-coagulants include

Back 64

fever, chills, bronchospasm, petechiae, bruising, hemorrhage, diarrhea, and other blood dyscrasias, hearing loss( aspirin)

Front 65

Convert plasminogen to plasmin, which initiates local fibrinolysis, dissolve occluding thrombi, therapy must be started within hours of onset of MI, PE, or AIA

Back 65

Thrombolytics (fibrinolytics)