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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4-5 things to listen out for during ascultation?
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1. S1S2 intensity and presence
2. Splitting 3. Extra heart sounds (S3,S4) 4. Murmurs 5. others: mid-systolic click, pericardial friction rub, prosthetic valves |
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What are the maneuvres used during ascultation?
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1. Inspiration (right side louder) and Expiration (left side louder)
2. Standing vs Squatting (everything except HOCM and MVP will be louder in squatting, vice versa) 3. Sit up and deep expiration (MVP louder) 4. Isometric exercise (all becomes louder except AS, HOCM, MVP) |
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What are the DDx for PSM?
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1. MR or TR (rare)
2. VSD 3. Aortopulmonary shunts |
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What are the DDx for ESM? (crescendo-decrescendo murmur) |
1. AS or PS (rare) 2. HOCM 3. ASD (pulmonary flow murmur) 4. MVP (late systolic murmur with mid systolic click) |
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What are the DDx for EDM? (immediately after S2, decrescendo, higher pitched) |
1. AR 2. PR |
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What are the DDx for MDM? (a while after S2) |
1. MS 2. TS 3. Atrial myxoma 4. Austin flint murmur of AR 5. Carey coombs murmur of acute rheumatic fever |
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What are the DDx for continuous murmur? (throughout diastole and systole) |
1. PDA 2. AV fistula 3. Aortopulmonary connection (Blalock's shunt/congenital) 4. Venous hum 5. Mammary soufflé (rupture of sinus of valsalva into RV or RA) |
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what are the DDx for pericardial rub? (louder on sitting up and breathing out, sounds like crunching sound when walking on snow) |
1. Pericarditis |
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What are the DDx for mediastinal crunch? (crunching sound in time with heartbeat, but with systolic and diatolic components) |
1. Pneumopericarditis |
