Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the common causes of POOR PERFORMANCE in horses? |
1. Musculoskeletal 2. Resp. (biggest limiting factor on performance) 3. Poor Fitness 4. Unrealistic Expectations 5. Inappropriate Training 6. Cardiac 7. Other |
|
|
What are the CARDIAC CAUSES of POOR PERFORMANCE? |
1. ARRHYTHMIAS (A. fib #1) 2. MURMURS 3. MYOCARDIAL Dz 4. PERICARDIAL Dz 5. VESSEL Dzs |
|
|
What APPROACH would you take to ASSESSING CARDIAC FXN in the horse? |
1. Get WORK Hx. -clues (PP @ max. exertion) 2. Look at WHOLE HORSE 3. PERIPHERAL PULSES -palpate (rate, rhythm) -Sys v. Dia BP -MAP -area under curve 4. AUSCULTATE -rate, rhythm, sounds (intensities? hear S3?) -over MV |
|
|
By what factor does the Qt of a horse increase from resp to exercise? |
10X 35L/min-->350L/min |
|
|
Briefly discuss CARDIAC MURMURS. |
|
|
|
What APPROACH should you take to assessing CARDIAC MURMURS? |
|
|
|
What are the SYSTOLIC MURMURS heard on the LEFT side? |
|
|
|
What are the SYSTOLIC MURMURS heard on the RIGHT side? |
|
|
|
What are the DIASTOLIC MURMURS? |
|
|
|
What are the important PURPOSES of a PRE-PURCHASE EXAM? |
|
|
|
Discuss the TIMING of MURMURS (and sounds heard) |
|
|
|
Discuss the AETIOPATHOGENESIS of MITRAL REGURGITATION. |
|
|
|
What are the CAUSES of MITRAL REGURGITATION? |
|
|
|
Discuss how RACE TRAINING causes MR. |
|
|
|
Discuss how RUPTURE of one or more CHORDAE TENDINAE causes MR. |
|
|
|
Discuss how INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS causes MR. (RARE) |
|
|
|
Discuss DIAGNOSIS of MR in horses.* |
|
|
|
Discuss TREATMENT of MR in horses* |
|
|
|
Discuss PROGNOSIS of MR in horses.* |
|
|
|
Discuss the PPE for a horse with MR. |
|
|
|
How do you differentiate between TRICUSPID REGURGITATION and VSD in RIGHT SIDED MURMURS? |
-quality -radiation--VSD--cranial and ventral to sternum |
|
|
Briefly discuss the AETIOPATHOGENESIS of TRICUSPID REGURGITATION. |
|
|
|
What are the SIGNS of TR? |
|
|
|
How do you DIAGNOSE TR? |
|
|
|
How do you TREAT TR? |
|
|
|
What is the PROGNOSIS for TR? |
|
|
|
Discuss a PPE for a horse with TR. |
|
|
|
Discuss the AETIOPATHOGENESIS of AORTIC REGURGITAION/INSUFFICIENCY. |
|
|
|
What are the SIGNS of AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY? |
|
|
|
How do you DIAGNOSE AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY? |
|
|
|
How do you TREAT AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY? |
|
|
|
What's the PROGNOSIS for a horse with AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY? |
|
|
|
Discuss the PPE for a horse with AORTIC INSUFFICIENCY. |
|
|
|
Discuss the AETIOPATHOGENESIS of VSD. |
|
|
|
What are the SIGNS of VSD? |
|
|
|
How do you DIAGNOSE VSD? |
|
|
|
How do you TREAT VSD? |
|
|
|
What is the PROGNOSIS for a horse with a VSD? |
|
|
|
Discuss the PPE for a horse with a VSD. |
|
|
|
What are the 'NORMAL ARRYTHMIAS'? |
-2nd degree AV block -Sinus Block/Sinus Arrest |
|
|
What is the MOST COMMON CARDIAC CAUSE of POOR PERFORMANCE? |
Atrial Fibrillation |
|
|
Discuss the DIAGNOSIS of ARRYTHMIAS. |
ECG REQUIRED!!! |
|
|
Discuss the AETIOPATHOGENESIS of ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. |
|
|
|
What are the SIGNS of A-FIB? |
|
|
|
How do you DIAGNOSE A-FIB? What does the ECG look like? |
|
|
|
How do you TREAT A-FIB? |
|
|
|
Which horses are MORE PREDISPOSED to A-FIB? |
Large Breeds, Athletes (big hearts) |
|
|
How do you DIFFERENTIATE between A-FIB and 2nd DEGREE AV BLOCK? |
AF -IRREGULARLY irregular rhythm -S4 inaudible 2nd Degree AVB -REGULARLY irregular rhythm -S4 audible |
|
|
What is the PROGNOSIS for a horse with A-FIB? |
|
|
|
Discuss TRANSVENOUS ELECTROCONVERSION (TVEC) |
|
|
|
Discuss QUINIDINE SULPHATE |
not licensed in the UK -lots of bad side effects |
|
|
Discuss PREMATURE SYSTOLES/CONTRACTIONS. |
1. APCs 2. VPCs PP only if produce excessive HR Aetiology difficult to ID -hypoxia -myocardial dz -electrolyte/metabolic disturbance -incr. sympathetic tone -pyrexia -toxemia |
|
|
Discuss the AETIOPATHOGENESIS of ATRIAL PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS. |
|
|
|
What are the SIGNS of APCs? |
|
|
|
How do you DIAGNOSE APCs? What does the ECG look like? |
|
|
|
How do you TREAT APCs? |
|
|
|
What is the PROGNOSIS for a horse with APCs? |
|
|
|
Discuss the AETIOPATHOGENESIS of VENTRICULAR PREMATURE CONTRACTIONS. |
|
|
|
What are the SIGNS of VPCs? |
|
|
|
How do you DIAGNOSE VPCs? What does the ECG look like? |
|
|
|
How do you TREAT VPCs? |
|
|
|
What is the PROGNOSIS for a horse with VPCs? |
|
|
|
Discuss the PPE for a horse with APCs or VPCs. |
|
|
|
Discuss the AETIOPATHOGENESIS of BRADYARRHYTHMIAS. |
|
|
|
What are the SIGNS of BRADYARRHYTHMIAS? |
|
|
|
How do you DIAGNOSE BRADYARRHYTHMIAS? What do the ECGs look like |
|
|
|
How do you TREAT BRADYARRHYTHMIAS (Sinus Block and 2nd Degree AVB)? |
|
|
|
How do you TREAT 3rd DEGREE AVBs? |
|
|
|
What is the PROGNOSIS for BRADYARRYTHMIAS? |
|
