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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Conditions that have left-to-right shunting?
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VSD, ASD, TOF, COA
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Keeps a ductus arteriosis patent?
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Prostaglandin E (hormone)
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Occurs after a strep infection:
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Rheumatic fever
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List 5 things to monitor for a cardiac patient:
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1. I&O
2. HR 3. Lung sounds 4. BP 5. Daily wt |
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Used to close a patent ductus arteriosis:
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Indomethacin (Indocin)
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Use a squatting position to resolve cyanotic condition:
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Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
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Dx by eliminating other conditions:
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Kawasaki's
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What is involved in the medical mgmt of a heart condition?
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1. Propranolol (Inderal)
2. Digoxin 3. Diuretics 4. Beta-blockers 5. ACE-Is 6. Ca Channel blockers 7. Low sodium diet 8. Monitor lytes (K, Na, Ca) 9. Exercise 10. Edema 11. Activity tolerance |
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Conditions that block the flow from the left ventricle:
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AS, COA, MVP
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It shows the flow of blood through the heart:
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Echo, Cardiac cath
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It is treated w/ high doses of ASA and IV gamma globulin:
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Kawasaki's disease
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It shows the electrical activity of the heart:
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EKG
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It is important to palpate the pedal pulses for which condition?
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COA
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A trigger for this condition is dehydration or infection:
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Vaso-occlusive crisis
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Reversal of the aorta and pulmonary artery:
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TGV / TGA
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In an infant w/ a VSD: dyspnea, hepatosplenomegaly, and periorbital edema are clinical manifestations of:
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Heart failure
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When caring for an infant w/ CV alterations what are 3 health promotion activities?
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1. Provide periods of uninterrupted rest
2. Maintain a neutral thermal environment 3. Limit bottle feedings to 30min max |
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A toddler is hospitalized w/ CHF and is receiving digoxin and lasix. She has vomited 2x / 4h. The nurse should:
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Get an order to draw a digoxin level
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Indications of a worsening condition of a child w/ CHF:
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1. Wt gain
2. Rales 3. Inadequate U/O |
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The nurse finds that an infant pt's BP in her arms is much higher than in her legs, the nurse suspects which condition?
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COA
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When a pediatric client is having a hypercyanotic episode the nurse should first:
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Place the client in a knee-chest position
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What is the purpose of prophylactic penicillin before dental work in a child w/ a congenital heart defect?
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To prevent infective endocarditis
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How do you calculate the maintenance IV fluid rate for a patient w/ a cardiac disease?
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kg x 100mL / 24h = maintenance rate (mL/h)
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Which patient is at the greatest risk for CHF?
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Infant w/ PDA
- usually very small w/ wasted appearance - tachypnea...even while asleep - tachycardia...even while asleep |
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How does digoxin work?
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Increases the contractility of the heart...thereby decreasing the HR
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Administration of digoxin: Must take apical pulse for 1 full min...hold for bradycardia:
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Infant < 100
Toddler < 70 School-age < 60 |
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Therapeutic range and s/s of Digoxin toxicity:
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Range (0.8-2 ng/mL)
1. Vomiting (early sign) 2. ABD pain 3. Anorexia 4. Diarrhea 5. Fatigue 6. Muscle weakness 7. Drowsiness |
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Goals when treating CHF (in this order):
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1. Adequate cardiac output
2. Normal fluid and lyte values 3. Oxygenation 4. Nutrition |
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What is a child undergoing a cardiac catheterization at risk for?
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1. Arrhythmia
2. Bleeding 3. Hematoma 4. Thrombus 5. Infection |
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Which heart defect can spontaneously close by up to 5yrs of age?
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ASD
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What complications can occur from a VSD?
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1. Left-sided hear failure
2. Infective endocarditis 3. Aneurysms of the pulmonary arteries |
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What heart defect requires medical mgmt w/ Indocin and /or surgical repair w/in the first yr of life?
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PDA
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When planning nursing care for a patient w/ a congenital heart defect it is important to:
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Organize tasks to interrupt as little as possible to conserve energy
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Normal blood flow:
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RA > RV > PA > Lungs
LA > LV > A > Body |
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A child experiencing a 'tet' spell (hypoxic episode) is relieved by:
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Squatting or knee-chest position
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TGV is incompatible w/ life unless coexisting:
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VSD, ASD, and / or PDA
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TGV is a medical emergency and the child is given what to keep the ductus open?
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Prostaglandin E (PGE)
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A systemic inflammatory disesase that occurs as a result of group A beta-strep:
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Rheumatic fever
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s/s of rheumatic fever:
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1. Fever
2. Sore throat 3. Migratory joint pain, arthritis 4. Skin rash (trunk) 5. ^ ESR and ASO titer 6. Scarring of the mitral valve |
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Medication therapy for rheumatic fever:
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1. ASA for 3-4wks
2. IM penicillin G every month (***check for allergies***) |
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What is the mgmt of a vaso-occlusive crisis?
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1. Hydration
2. Oxygen 3. Bedrest 4. Clustering care 5. Pain mgmt 6. Monitor for infection 7. Folic acid 8. Possible transfusion |
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After a cardiac catheterization, which intervention is of highest priority during the immediate post-procedure period?
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Apply direct pressure to the entry site for 15min...helps to develop clot and reduce bleeding
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