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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 stages in the chain of survival
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what are the steps in early recognition of deterioration to cardiac arrest
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vital signs- SEWS
hypoxia hypotension VT/VF AT RISK pts - - - remember DNAR - - - |
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what's the typical presenting rhythm in cardiac arrest
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VT/VF- "shockable"
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What are the main primarly causes for cardiac arrest
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ABC!
problems with: -ariways -breathing -circulation (perfusion- preload, SV, afterload) |
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4 methods measuring O2 delivery
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SaO2
[Hb] HR BP (=CO x TPR)--> (CO= SV x HR) --> (SV depends on pre & afterload & contractility) |
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signs of compromised airway
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difficulty breathing/ talking
wheeze/ stridor SOb accessory muscles cyanosis |
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BEC treatment of compromised airway
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head tilt chin lift
jaw thrust devices: LMA, intubation |
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BEC: how to recognise changes in breathing
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<10s
look: RR, cyanosis, accessory muscles, distress, deformities listen: noisy? feel: expansion, tracheal position |
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reversible causes: 5H's, of cardiac arrest
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Hypoxia
hypovolaemia Hypo/hyperthermia Hypo/Hyperglycaemia Hyperhypokalaemia |
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reversible causes: 5T's, of cardiac arrest
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Tension pneumothorax
Trauma Tamponade (cardiac) Toxicity Thromboembolism |
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recognition of circulatory problems
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LOOK: CRT >3s, pale, cyanosed, trauma
FEEL: pulse, cold peripheries, clammy confusion |
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BEC treatment of circulatory problems
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A & B first!
IV access: bloods, fluids drugs: inotropes, vasopressors, aspirin, nitrates, morphine |
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Assess diability (D in ABCDE)
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AVPU
GCS pupil reaction |
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WHAT CONDITION SHOULD you REMEMBER!?
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DIABETES!
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differentiate resp and cariac arrest
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resp- not breathing, pule present
cardiac- not breathing, no pulse! |
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stages of CPR
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DR ABCDE
Danger response? A- head tilt, chin lift, look B&C- <10s, carotid ♥ --> SHOUT help, call 999/ 2222 CPR- 30:2, 100-120bpm, 5-6cm deep REASSESS every: 10 breaths/ 1 min |
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when to stop CPR
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signs of life
ambulance arries exhaustion - take turns |
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how do you assess mild and severe choke?
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mild- able to speak/ cough/ breath
severe- unable to breathe/ cough, wheeze |
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response to mild choke
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encourage cough
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response to severe adult choke
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lean victim forwards
reassess between each action: 5 back blows 5 abdominal thrusts |
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severe infant choke?
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only back blows
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what does AVPU stand for
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alert
responsive pain unresponsive |
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what do you do if someone's unresponsive and breathing?
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recovery position
open AIRWAY! change every 30mins |
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what 3 additions are there in ALS (in- hosp)
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assess rhythm - ECG
DEFIB shockable rhythm (VT/VF) ADRENALINE |
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differentiate VT and VF
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VF- chaotic IRREG
VT- broad complex tachycardia, REG, mono or polymorphic |
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what are non-shockable rhythms
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PEA/ aystole
no pulse |
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after 3rd defib shock, which drug is given instead of ADRENALINE
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AMIODARONE
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4 types of shock
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hypovolaemic
neurogenic cardiogenic septic |
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clinical features of shock
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cold, pale, clammy, anxious
tachycardia- weak, low BP CRT>3s cyanosis faint/ dizzy confusion |
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BEC treatment of shock
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treat cause
lay down, raise legs warm reassure loosen tight clothing monitor- no eating/ drinking/ moving ?CRP |
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BEC treatment fracture
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relieve pain
immobilise reduce blood loss |
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BEC treatment of burns
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lay down
cool water 10mins ABC & 999 remove jewelry/ clothing (unless stuck) sterile clingfilm REASSESS- ?shock |
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BEC treatment of toxins/ poisoning
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what, how much, when?
?burns SIPS water- record ABCDE- 999 |
