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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Henry Sumner Maine
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1. 19th century English jurist
2. "From status to contract" 3. "Ancient Law" |
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The 19th century Great Transformation
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1. Technology: a. Allowed humans to change subsistence basis. b. Energy use moved beyond burning plants
2. Enlightenment: a. Rise of modern science b. Triumph of Newtonian physics, a world of natural laws. c. Disenchantment: Removal of magical/supernatural 3. Demographic transition: Shift from high mortality/high fertility to low mortality/low fertility 4. Liberalization: Rise of liberal politics: People are individuals and they are free |
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History
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1. Historia "inquiry"
2. Begins as a study of human events seperate from myth |
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Leopold von Ranke
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1. 1795-1886
2. Sort of the father of modern history 3. Deeply opposed to dialectical, progressivist history 4. Opposed to idea that history has patterns "History as it actually was" |
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19th Century split in fields of knowledge
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History became concerned only with documents. Anthropology became particularized due to Boas. Biology only concerned with hard science
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Adam Smith
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1. 1723-1790
2. Discoverer of the concepts of trand and division of labor 3. Perceives the exponential efficiency potential of division of labor facilitated by trade's ability to spread econ growth |
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Thomas Malthus
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1. Profound thinker on population
2. Economic growth leads to higher fertility and lower mortality which leads to population growth. Population growth leads to an increase in poverty and a subsequent population decrease. |
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Charles Darwin
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1. 1809-1883
2. Discoverer of evolution 3. 1859 Origin of Species 4. Comes up with natural selection and descent with modification |
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Charles Lyell
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1. 1860s came up with geological time
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What is sexual selection?
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A process of selection that operates through sexual competition between members of same sex and selection by opposite sexes
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What is a trait
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a characteristic of behavior or anatomy that influences reproductive success
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What is fitness?
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The measurement of reproductive success, measured by passing on your genes
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What is radiometric dating?
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Dating objects based on the half-life decay of certain elements in those objects
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What is molecular dating?
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Based on the assumption of a stable rate of change in inactive genes. Can calculate when those genes change
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When (approximately) did universe begin?
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13.75 billion years ago
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Neanderthals
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1. Hominins - Ancestral lineage exlusively to humans
2. Migrate out of Africa 200,000 years ago colonize Europe and Near East 3. Flourish 25,000 years ago and then go extinct |
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Australopithicus
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1. 4-2 million years ago
2. Ape 3. Develop bipedalism 4. Highly sexually dimorphic, highly polygynous |
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Homo Habilis
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1. 2.3-1.4 million years ago
2. Tool use, Bigger brain 3. Still confined to Africa |
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Homo Erectus/Ergaster
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1. 1.8-1.3 million
2. First to travel out of Africa, colonize Eurasia 3..Significantly larger brains 4. First to use fire 5. Hunters |
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Homo Sapiens
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1. approx 200,000 years ago
2. Bipedal 3. Tool use 4. Brains large 5. Language and Culture the true differentiation from ancestors |
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What is the axial age?
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describe the period from 800 to 200 BC, during which, according to Jaspers, similar revolutionary thinking appeared in Persia, India, China and the Occident.
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Louis Henry Morgan
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a pioneering American anthropologist and social theorist, a railroad lawyer and capitalist. He is best known for his work on kinship and social structure, his theories of social evolution, and his ethnography of the Iroquois. Interested in what holds societies together, he proposed the concept that the earliest human domestic institution was the matrilineal clan, not the patriarchal family; the idea was accepted by most pre-historians and anthropologists throughout the late nineteenth century.
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Younger dryas
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The Younger Dryas stadial, also referred to as the Big Freeze,[1] was a geologically brief (1,300 ± 70 years) period of cold climatic conditions and drought which occurred between approximately 12,800 and 11,500 years BP (before present)
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Holocene
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The Holocene is a geological epoch which began at the end of the Pleistocene[1] (around 12,000 14C years ago) and continues to the present. can be considered an interglacial in the current ice age.
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Pleistocene
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the geological epoch which lasted from about 2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the world's recent period of repeated glaciations. Sir Charles Lyell introduced this term in 1839.
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