Cap Lab 3 (3) The Muscular System

Front 1

3 types of muscle tissue

Back 1

skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle

Front 2

skeletal muscle

Back 2

comprised of long, cylindrical, unbranched cells with striations and multiple peripheral nuclei, and it is under voluntary control

functions include: movement, facial expression, posture, breathing, speech, swallowing and excretion

Front 3

cardiac muscle

Back 3

short branched cells with striations and intercalated discs, it is under involuntary control.

found in: the heart

Front 4

smooth muscle

Back 4

short fusiform cells; nonstriated with only one central nucleus, and similar to cardiac muscle it is under involuntary control

found in: sheets of muscle in the viscera, iris, hair follicles, sphincters, aids in swallowing, GI tract functions, labor contractions, control of airflow, erection of hairs and control of pupil

Front 5

agonists

Back 5

type of muscles that directly cause the movement to occur.

AKA: Prime Movers

Front 6

antagonists

Back 6

type of muscles that act in opposition to the movement generated by the agonists and
are responsible for returning a limb to its initial position

Front 7

synergists

Back 7

type of muscles that assist in performing the movement with the agonists

AKA: Neutralizers

Front 8

fixators

Back 8

type of muscles that immobilize the origin of prime movers so that all tension is exerted at
the insertion.

AKA: Stabilizers

Front 9

pectoralis

(naming skeletal muscles by location)

Back 9

chest

(naming skeletal muscles by location)

Front 10

gluteus

(naming skeletal muscles by location)

Back 10

buttock

(naming skeletal muscles by location)

Front 11

brachii

(naming skeletal muscles by location)

Back 11

arm

(naming skeletal muscles by location)

Front 12

supra-

(naming skeletal muscles by location)

Back 12

above

(naming skeletal muscles by location)

Front 13

infra-

(naming skeletal muscles by location)

Back 13

below

(naming skeletal muscles by location)

Front 14

sub-

(naming skeletal muscles by location)

Back 14

under or beneath


(naming skeletal muscles by location)

Front 15

lateralis

(naming skeletal muscles by location)

Back 15

lateral

(naming skeletal muscles by location)

Front 16

maximus

(relative muscle size)

Back 16

largest

(relative muscle size)

Front 17

minimus

(relative muscle size)

Back 17

smallest

(relative muscle size)

Front 18

longus

(relative muscle size)

Back 18

long

(relative muscle size)

Front 19

bravis

(relative muscle size)

Back 19

short

(relative muscle size)

Front 20

vastus

(relative muscle size)

Back 20

huge

(relative muscle size)

Front 21

deltoid

(muscle shape)

Back 21

triangular

(muscle shape)

Front 22

rhomboid

(muscle shape)

Back 22

rhombus

(muscle shape)

Front 23

latissimus

(muscle shape)

Back 23

wide

(muscle shape)

Front 24

teres

(muscle shape)

Back 24

round

(muscle shape)

Front 25

trapezius

(muscle shape)

Back 25

trapezoid

(muscle shape)

Front 26

direction of muscle fibers are in reference to ________ .

Back 26

the midline of the body or longitudinal axis of the limb bone

Front 27

rectus

(direction of muscle fibers)

Back 27

straight

(direction of muscle fibers)

Front 28

transverse

(direction of muscle fibers)

Back 28

across

(direction of muscle fibers)

Front 29

oblique

(direction of muscle fibers)

Back 29

diagonally

(direction of muscle fibers)

Front 30

orbicularis

(direction of muscle fibers)

Back 30

circular

(direction of muscle fibers)

Front 31

biceps

(muscle origin number)

Back 31

two

(muscle origin number)

Front 32

triceps

(muscle origin number)

Back 32

three

(muscle origin number)

Front 33

quadriceps

(muscle origin number)

Back 33

four

(muscle origin number)

Front 34

sternocleidomastoid

(muscle origin and insertion location)

Back 34

origin - on the sternum and clavicle
insertion - on the mastoid process

(muscle origin and insertion location)

Front 35

brachioradialis

(muscle origin and insertion location)

Back 35

origin - on the brachium or arm
insertion - on the radius

(muscle origin and insertion location)

Front 36

differences in the muscular system of humans vs cats

(upper body)

Back 36

Pectoralis major- larger in human, smaller in cat
Pectoralis minor- smaller in human, larger in cat
Pectoantebrachialis – not present in human
Xiphihumeralis – not present in human
Clavotrapezius, acromiotrapezius, spinotrapezius – three muscles in cat, one muscle in human (trapezius)
Levator scapulae – not present in human

Front 37

differences in the muscular system of humans vs cats

(lower body)

Back 37

Caudofemoralis – not present in human
Gluteus maximus – larger than gluteus medius in humans, smaller than gluteus medius in cat.
Sartorius – wide muscle in cat, narrow muscle in human
Adductor femoris – one muscle in cat, three muscles (adductor longus, adductor brevis,
adductor magnus) in human
epitrochlearis – not present in human

Front 38

Pectoralis major
(human)

Back 38

identify A

larger in human, smaller in cat

Front 39

Pectoralis minor
(human)

Back 39

locate the pectoralis minor


smaller in human, larger in cat

Front 40

Linea alba
(human)

Back 40

identify J

Front 41

External abdominal
(human)

Back 41

identify K

Front 42

Internal abdominal
(human)

Back 42

identify I

Front 43

Rectus abdominis
(human)

Back 43

identify M

Front 44

Deltoid
(human)

Back 44

identify C

Front 45

Triceps brachii
(human)

Back 45

identify F, G, H

Front 46

Biceps brachii
(human)

Back 46

identify I

Front 47

Sartorius
(human)

Back 47

locate the sartorius

wide muscle in cat, narrow muscle in human

flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee; "tailor's muscle"

Front 48

Gracilis
(human)

Back 48

identify C

Front 49

Gluteus maximus
(human)

Back 49

identify B

larger in the human, smaller in in cat

Front 50

Gluteus medius
(human)

Back 50

identify A

smaller in human, larger in cat

Front 51

Biceps femoris
(human)

Back 51

identify G

Front 52

Gastrocnemius
(human)

Back 52

locate the gastrocnemius

Front 53

Pectoralis major
(cat)

Back 53

identify C
(cat)

Front 54

Pectoralis minor
(cat)

Back 54

identify F
(cat)

Front 55

Linea alba
(cat)

Back 55

identify this muscle

Front 56

External abdominal
(cat)

Back 56

identify A
(cat)

Front 57

Internal abdominal
(cat)

Back 57

identify C
(cat)

Front 58

Rectus abdominis
(cat)

Back 58

identify D
(cat)

Front 59

Deltoid (clavobrachialis)
(cat)

Back 59

identify G
(cat)

Front 60

Triceps brachii
(cat)

Back 60

identify D
(cat)

Front 61

Biceps brachii
(cat)

Back 61

identify E
(cat)

Front 62

Sartorius
(cat)

Back 62

identify 1
(cat)
wide muscle in cat, narrow muscle in human

Front 63

Gracilis
(cat)

Back 63

identify 2
(cat)

Front 64

Gluteus maximus
(cat)

Back 64

identify B
(cat)

Front 65

Gluteus medius
(cat)

Back 65

identify C
(cat)

Front 66

Biceps femoris
(cat)

Back 66

identify A
(cat)

Front 67

Gastrocnemius
(cat)

Back 67

identify A