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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sternocephalicus m.
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Caudal attachment: cranial sternum
Cranial attachment: mastoid part: mastoid process of temporal bone occipital part: occipital bone Action: depress head and neck; draw head and neck laterally |
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Omotransversarius m.
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Origin: wing of the atlas [first cervical vertebra]
Insertion: distal spine of the scapula Action: pull thoracic limb cranially when not bearing weight an/or depress and pull head and neck laterally |
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Rhomboideus m.
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Origin:
capital part (Carnivores): occipital bone cervical part (all spp): dorsal neck thoracic part (all spp): dorsal thorax Insertion: dorsal border of scapula and/or scapular cartilage Action: elevate the thoracic limb and depress the scapula to the trunk |
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Brachiocephalicus m. (cleidobrachialis and cleidocephalicus mm.)
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Origin: clavicular intersection (clavicle - human)
Insertion: cleidobrachialis: distal cranial humerus (proximal ulna in Feline) cleidocephalicus: mastoid part (all spp): mastoid process of temporal bone cervical part (Carnivores): dorsal neck Action: pull thoracic limb cranially when not bearing weight and/or depress and pull head and neck laterally |
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Supraspinatus m.
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Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus Action: extend the humeral joint; functionally serves as a lateral collateral ligament of the humeral joint |
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Infraspinatus m.
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Origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus Action: flex the humeral joint; functionally serves as a lateral collateral ligament of humeral joint |
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Deltoideus m.
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Origin: spine and acromion of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus Action: flex the humeral joint |
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Biceps brachii m.
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(only one head in domestic mammals, 2 in humans)
Origin: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula Insertion: proximal and medial aspects of radius and ulna Action: flex the cubital and extend the humeral joints |
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Triceps brachii m.
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(long, medial and lateral heads in all species; carnivores also have an accessory head)
Origin: caudal border of scapula-long head; proximal humerus - other heads Insertion: tuber olecrani Action: extend the cubital joint - all heads; flex the humeral joint - long head |
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Latissimus dorsi m.
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Origin: thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: teres major tuberosity of the humerus Action: draw the thoracic limb caudally; flex the humeral joint when not bearing weight; extend the humeral joint when bearing weight |
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Superficial pectoral m./ descending pectoral m.
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Origin: cranial sternum
Insertion: crest of the greater tubercle and cranial border of humerus (also extends onto the medial brachial fascia in Feline) Action: adduct the thoracic limb |
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Superficial pectoral m./ transverse pectoral m.
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Origin: cranial sternum
Insertion: crest of the greater tubercle and cranial border of humerus (also extends onto the medial brachial fascia in Feline) Action: adduct the thoracic limb |
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Deep (ascending) pectoral m.
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Origin: sternum
Insertion: greater and lesser tubercles of humerus Action: adduct the thoracic limb and pull it caudally |
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Trapezius m.
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Origin:
Cervical part: dorsal neck thoracic part: dorsal thorax Insertion: spine of the scapula Action: elevate the thoracic limb |
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Serratus ventralis m.
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Origin:
cervical part: cervical vertebrae thoracic part: thoracic wall [ribs] Insertion: serrated face of scapula Action: support and/or elevate the trunk |
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Deep gluteal m.
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Origin: body of ilium and ischiatic spine
Insertion: greater trochanter (deep to middle gluteal m.) Action: extend the coxal joint |
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Superficial gluteal m.
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Origin: sacrum and sacrotuberous lig. (not in Feline)
Insertion: third trochanter of femus Action: extend the coxal joint and abduct the limb |
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Gracilis m.
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Origin: pelvic symphysis
Insertion: cranial tibia and tuber calcanei Action: adduct the limb; extend coxal and tarsal joints; flex the genual joint |
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Sartorius m.
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(has cranial and caudal bellies in the dog only)
Origin: ilium Insertion: patella and cranial tibia Action: flex the coxal joint and variable action on the genual joint |
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Quadriceps femoris m.
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(four heads: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis mm.)
Origin: ilium - rectus femoris m.; proximal femur - other heads Insertion: tibial tuberosity Action: extend the genual joint; flex the coxal joint - only the rectus femoris m. |
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Tensor fasciae latae m.
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Origin: tuber coxae
Insertion: fascia lata Action: flex the coxal joint, tense the fascia lata and thus aid extension of the genual joint |
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Biceps femoris m.
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Origin: ischiatic tuberosity and sacrotuberous lig. (not in Feline)
Insertion: patella, cranial tibia and tuber calcanei, all via an extensive aponeurosis Action: extend the coxal and tarsal joints; variable action on the genual [stifle] joint; abduct the limb |
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Semitendinosus m.
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Origin: ischiatic tuberosity
Insertion: proximal tibia and tuber calcanei Action: extend coxal and tarsal joints; variable action on the genual joint |
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Semimembranosus m.
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Origin: ischiatic tuberosity
Insertion: distal femur and proximal tibia Action: extend coxal joint; variable action on the genual joint |
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Adductor m.
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(has various subdivisions in different species)
Origin: ventral surface of os coxa Insertion: caudal surface of femur Action: adduct the limb and extend the coxal joint |
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Adds to fleshy part of the dogs neck
Origin - Nuchal ligaments cord and tops of the spines of V3, V4, V5 Insertion - 5 points 1. Back of the skull (middle and top to mastoid process) 2. V1 3. V3 4. V4 5. V5 Action - both muscles together move neck up and head forward One muscle moves neck to one side. |
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it is the biggest and longest muscle in spine
Origin - On the inside of the deep surface of the ilium’s pelvic wing and its crest, also on the top bonny bits of the spinous process in the lumbar vertebrae. Insertion - On the upper ends of all the ribs, the sides of all the thoracic and all the lumbar vertebrae, and on the side of the sixth neck vertebrae. Action - Stretches and straightens back and loins, lateral flexion |
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Middle gluteal m.
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Origin: gluteal surface of ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur Action: extend the coxal joint; rotate the limb medially |
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Sternohyoideus m.
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Caudal attachment: cranial sternum
Cranial attachment: basihyoid bone Action: pull tongue and larynx caudally |
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Sternothyroideus m.
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Caudal attachment: cranial sternum
Cranial attachment: thyroid cartilage of the larynx Action: pull tongue and larynx caudally |
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Teres minor m.
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Origin: caudal border of scapula
Insertion: teres minor tuberosity of humerus Action: flex the humeral joint |
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Subscapularis m.
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Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus Action: adduct limb at humeral joint; functionally serves as a medial collateral ligament of the humeral joint |
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Teres major m.
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Origin: caudal border of scapula
Insertion: teres major tuberosity of humerus Action: flex the humeral joint |
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Coracobrachialis m.
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Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: crest of the lesser tubercle of humerus Action: adduct limb at humeral joint; functionally serves as a medial collateral ligament of the humeral joint |
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Brachialis m.
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Origin: proximal part of lateral humerus
Insertion: proximal and medial aspects of radius and ulna Action: flex the cubital joint |
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Tensor fasciae antebrachii m.
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Origin: latissimus dorsi and fascia on caudal border of scapula
Insertion: tuber olecrani Action: extend the cubital joint |
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Anconeus m.
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Origin: caudal aspect of the distal humerus
Insertion: tuber olecrani Action: extend the cubital joint |
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Extensor carpi radialis m.
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Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus and its crest
Insertion: dorsoproximal end of metacarpal bones 2 & 3 Action: extend carpal joints; flex the cubital joint minimally |
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Common digital extensor m.
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Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Insertion: extensor processes of the distal phalanges Action: extend carpal and digital joints |
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Lateral digital extensor m.
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Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: distal phalanges (also the proximal and/or middle phalanges - variable) of lateral digits. Action: extend the carpal and digital joints |
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Ulnaris lateralis m.
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Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: accessory carpal bone and proximolateral aspect of fifth metacarpal bone Action: flex the carpal joints; abduct the manus |
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Abductor pollicis [digiti I] longus (extensor carpi obliquus) m.
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Origin: body of ulna
Insertion: proximal metacarpal 1 Action: extend the carpal joints; abduct the first digit (carnivores) |
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Supinator m.
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Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: body of radius Action: supination of the manus |
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Brachioradialis m
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Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: fascia near the carpus Action: flex the cubital joint and supinate the manus |
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Flexor carpi radialis m.
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Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: palmaroproximal aspect of metacarpal bones 2&3 Action: flex the carpal joints |
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Flexor carpi ulnaris m.
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(2 heads: humeral and ulnar)
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon of ulna Insertion: accessory carpal bone Action: flex the carpal joints |
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Superficial digital flexor m.
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Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: middle phalanges, proximopalmar aspects, of digits 2-5 Action: flex the carpal and digital joints, except the distal interphalangeal joints |
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Deep digital flexor m.
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(3 heads: humeral, radial and ulnar)
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, radius and ulna Insertion: distal phalanges, palmar aspects Action: flex the carpal and digital joints |
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Pronator teres m.
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Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: body of radius Action: pronation of the manus |
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Pronator quadratus m.
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Attachments: apposed surfaces of the radius and ulna
Action: pronation of the manus |
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Piriformis m.
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Origin: sacrum and first caudal vertebra
Insertion: greater trochanter Action: extend the coxal joint |
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Pectineus m.
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Origin: iliopubic eminence
Insertion: distal body of femur Action: adduct the limb |
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Iliopsoas m.
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(fusion of iliacus and psoas major mm.)
Origin: ilium (iliacus) and lumbar vertebrae (psoas major) Action: extend the genual joint; flex the coxal joint - only the rectus femoris m. |
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External obturator m.
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Origin: ventral aspect of os coxa around obturator foramen
Insertion: trochanteric fossa Action: adduct the limb and rotate it laterally |
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Internal obturator m.
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Origin: dorsal aspect of os coxa around obturator foramen
Insertion: trochanteric fossa Action: rotate the limb laterally |
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Gemelli mm.
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Origin: lateral aspect ischium
Insertion: trochanteric fossa Action: rotate the limb laterally |
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Quadratus femoris m.
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Origin: ventral aspect of ischium
Insertion: caudal femur near the trochanteric fossa Action: rotate the limb laterally; extend the coxal joint |
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Cranial tibial m.
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Origin: lateral aspect of proximal tibia
Insertion: plantaroproximal metatarsal bones 1 & 2 Action: flex the tarsal joints |
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Long digital extensor m.
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Origin: extensor fossa of femur
Insertion: extensor process of the distal phalanges Action: extends the digital joints; flex the tarsal joints; minimally extends the genual joint |
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Lateral digital extensor m.
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Origin: proximal fibula
Insertion: phalanges of lateral digit(s) Action: extend the lateral digital joints and flex the tarsal joints |
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Peroneus [fibularis] longus m.
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Origin: lateral condyle of tibia and proximal fibula
Insertion: plantaroproximal metatarsal bones Action: flex the tarsal joints |
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Gastrocnemius m.
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(medial and lateral heads)
Origin: caudodistal femur Insertion: tuber calcanei Action: extend the tarsal joints; flex the genual joint |
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Soleus m.
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(absent in the dog, present in feline)
Origin: head of fibula Insertion: tendon of lateral head of gastrocnemius m. Action: assist the gastrocnemius m. in extension of the tarsal joints |
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Superficial digital flexor m.
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Origin: lateral supracondylar tuberosity of femur
Insertion: tuber calcanei and plantaroproximal aspects of middle phalanges of digits 2-5 Action: extend the tarsal joints and flex the digital joints, except the distal interphalangeal joints; flex the genual joint (minimally) |
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Deep digital flexor m.
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This muscle consists of 3 heads in ungulates and two heads in carnivores. The names for the heads of the deep digital flexor are:
1. lateral digital flexor m. 2. medial digital flexor m. 3. caudal tibial m. (vestigial in carnivore) Origin: caudal aspects of the tibia and fibula Insertion: distal phalanges, plantar aspect Action: flex the digital joints and extend the tarsal joints |
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Popliteus m.
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Origin: popliteal fossa of femur
Insertion: proximal caudal aspect of tibia Action: rotate the leg medially; flex the genual joint |
