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28 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Sternocephalicus muscle
Both sides fo body

Origin - manubrium (sternum)
Insertion - upper edge of the back end of the skull.
Bottom of the skull behind the mastoid process

Action and function - Muscles together move head up and down in a nod. One at a time move head to one side.
Splenius Muscle
Adds to fleshy part of the dogs neck

Origin - Nuchal ligaments cord and tops of the spines of V3, V4, V5

Insertion - 5 points
1. Back of the skull (middle and top to mastoid process)
2. V1
3. V3
4. V4
5. V5

Action - both muscles together move neck up and head forward
One muscle moves neck to one side.
Rhomboideus muscle
Thick muscle that has four sides and a very pointy front end.
Has two parts (neck and Chest) but is one muscle

Origin - V2, T6 and back of the skull.

Insertion - upper edge of the shoulderblade

Action - pulls top of shoulder up forwards and towards the body.
When shoulder is still it can lift the neck.
Omotransversarius muscle
Thick full muscle that begins in the neck.

Origin - lower end and side of V1

Insertion - Bottom of scapulars spine and deltoids surface.

Action - when limb is fixed and still pulls neck to the side. When neck is fixed and still pulls limb forward.
Rhomboideus muscle
Thick muscle that has four sides and a very pointy front end.
Has two parts (neck and Chest) but is one muscle

Origin - V2, T6 and back of the skull.

Insertion - upper edge of the shoulderblade

Action - pulls top of shoulder up forwards and towards the body.
When shoulder is still it can lift the neck.
Brachiocephalicus muscle
Has one insertion but hen splits into two thereafter.

Origin - Cleidocerphalicus - middle of the back of the front half of the neck
Cleidomastoid - Bottom of the skull behind the ear hole.

Instertion - Verticaly on the front of the humerus and its lower half.

Action - Pulls head forwards and neck and head down and to one side.
Supraspinatus muscle
Creates the form of the front shoulder

Origin - Top outer part of scapula

Insertion - with a thick tendon on greater tubericle of humerus

Action - Extends and stabilises shoulder joint
Infraspinatus muscle
Contributes to the shoulders Form and shape.

Origin - outer top part of the scapula (infraspinous fossa).

Insertion - Into the outer side of the greater tubericle of the humerus.

Action - extend or flex shoulder joint, abduct shoulder, rotate arm laterally
and stabilize the shoulder joint.
Deltoid muscle
This muscle is a superficial muscle that has two portions. The front portion which is
wider and arises from the scapulars spine and the acromial portion which is smaller and
tapers at both ends.

Origin - Acromial - acromion at the bottom end of the scapulars spine.
Spinal – scapulars spine

Insertion - On the outside of the humerus a third of the way down.

Action - Makes shoulder joint flex and pulls the foreleg away from the dog’s body
Biceps Brachii
This is a slender muscle with only one head.

Origin - The bottom part of the muscle splits into two tendons. These tendons insert next to each other
on the inside of the radius and the ulna just underneath the elbow joint.

Insertion - On the bony piece on the front of the lower end of the scapula

Action - Flexes elbow joint and extends shoulder joint
Triceps Brachii muscle
This muscle is a big fleshy superficial muscle that has three heads, two long
heads and one lateral head.

Origin - Long head – on the rear edge of the scapula from the lower part until two thirds up.
Lateral Head – on the humerus’s curved ridge on upper and outer surface.

Insetion - At the humerus on the top and side of the olecranon (elbows point)

Action - Long Head – Flexes the shoulder joint and extends the elbow joint
Lateral Head – only extends the elbow joint
Latissimus Dorsi muscle
A superficial muscle. It is a large thin muscle that is
triangular in shape.

Origin - On the Top of the spines muscles starting at the top of the shoulder to the tips of the lumbar
vertebrae as well as from the last two or three ribs.

Insertion - On the nearest middle part of the humerus.

Action - pulls leg backwards
Pectoralis Descendens muscle
Origin - On the sternums front end

Insertion - In the middle of the front of the humerus, it inserts on the short vertical line.

Action - Advances forelimb and pulls the forelimb to the center of the body
Pectoralis Transversus Muscle
Is a flat and rectangular shaped muscle.

Origin - It starts at the front portion of the sternum and goes down to the level where the fourth rib is.

Insertion - It inserts in a line that runs down most of the front of the humerus.

Action - Pulls forelimb towards the middle line of the body
Pectoralis Profundus
Origin - On the majority of the sternum (not the front tip) and from the surface of the front part of the abdomen where the xiphoid process is.

Insertion - On the top inside surface of the humerus, and vertically from the upper third till the upper half of the front of the humerus.

Action - adducts foreleg and moves it backwards with movement
Trapezius Muscle
triangular shaped superficial muscle. It is divided into two smaller triangular shaped muscles by a by a thin tendinous area

Origin - On the Middle of the bottom section of the back of the neck and the front section of the thorax starting at the third neck vertebra and ending at the ninth thoracic vertebra.

Insertion - Neck - top three fourths of the scapulars spine
Thoracic – top one third of the scapulars spine

Action - Draws scapula up, backward and forward and lifts neck
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle
it is the biggest and longest muscle in spine

Origin - On the inside of the deep surface of the ilium’s pelvic wing and its crest, also on the top bonny bits of the spinous process in the lumbar vertebrae.

Insertion - On the upper ends of all the ribs, the sides of all the thoracic and all the lumbar vertebrae, and on the side of the sixth neck vertebrae.

Action - Stretches and straightens back and loins, lateral flexion
Serratus Ventralis Muscle
A deep layer muscle that is divided into two portions The Neck portion and the Chest portion.

Origin - Neck - On the sides of third or the fourth vertebrae down to the seventh vertebrae.

Chest – On the sides of the lower parts of the first eight or nine ribs of the dog.

Insertion - Deep surface of the top half of the scapula.

Action - Pulls the top of the shoulder blade forwards, lifts and bends (neck)
Pulls shoulder blade back and down and rotates the blade (chest)
Gluteus Medius Muscle
Gives the dogs buttocks its form.

Origin - On the outer top part of the front of the pelvises ilium. And from the ligament that connects the sacrum to the ilium.

Insertion - On the top end of the femur

Action - Pulls the limb away from the body and extends the dog’s hip joint.
Superficialis Gluteus muscle
Origin - It originates from the first tail vertebrae, the front half of the ligament that connects the sacrum to the ischiatic tuberosity and the fascia that covers the gluteus medius.

Insertion - About an eighth of the way down the outer surface of the femur.

Action - Pulls the limb from body and flexes hip joint.
Gracilis Muscle
It lies on the back part of the inner side of the thigh

Origin - The middle bottom of the pelvis

Insertion - inserts into the tibias front edge and into the heel bone.

Action - Pulls limb, extends hip, flexes knee joint, extends ankle joint.
Sartorius Muscle
Starts on the front end of the pelvis and ends on the inside of the dog’s knee. This muscle has two long muscle bands that are next to each other. A front (Cranial) part and a rear (caudal) part.

Origin - Front portion – in a line on the pelvis front edge.
Rear portion – in a line on the bottom edge of the front end of the pelvis.

Insertion - Front portion – inserts into the patella and the fascia of the knee along with the vastus medialis and the rectus femoris.
Rear Portion – The front edge of the tibia

Action - Flex hip and extend stifle
Quadriceps muscles
There are four muscles that make up this muscle. Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medius, Deep Vastus Intermedius and the Rectus Femoris.

Origin - Vastus medialis – in small areas. On the inside of the femur near its upper end.
Vastus lateralis – in small areas. On the outside of the femur near its upper end.
Deep vastus intermedius – On the inside of the femur.
Rectus Femoris – in one area on the pelvis.

Insertion - All of the vastus muscles insert into their own areas of the rectus femoris then they all insert together into the patella and so also the tibia.

Action - extend stifle and flex hip
Tensor Fascae Latae Muscle
Is a triangular shaped muscle that divides into two on its surface

Origin -The tensor facae late muscle originates on the surface of the gluteus medius at the lower edge of the front of the pelvis.

Insertion - Into the fascia that covers the thighs muscles. Therefore it also attaches indirectly into the patellar and the tibias front edge.

Action - extends knee joint, flexes hip joint
A hamstring muscle Biceps femoris
Big and wide muscle that consists of the superficial head and the deep head.

Origin - Superficial head - onto the ischiatic tuberosity on the outer corner, at the back part of the pelvis. And then the back third of the sacrotuberal ligament.
Deep head - onto the ischiatic tuberosity on the outer corner, at the bottom and deep into the same origin as the superficial head.

Insertion - Into the legs fascia and the patella, the upper part of the tibia, patellar ligament and the end of the heel bone (calcaneus)

Action - Extends hip joint, extends and flexes knee joint and extends ankle joint
A hamstring Muscle. Semitendinosus Muscle
forms a very small part of the thighs rear profile.

Origin - It originates on the Outside corner of the back part of the pelvis.

Insertion - It inserts about one fourth of the way down the tibia on its front edge. And on the calcaneus of the heel bone.

Action - Extends hip and ankle joint, flexes knee joint and rotates leg inwards
A hamstring Muscle. Semimembranosus Muscle
fleshy thick muscle that has two heads.

Origin - On the back end of the pelvises bottom edge in a line.

Insertion - Inserts On the inner back corner of the femur in a vertical line and ends In two places, just before the bottom of the bone, and in a small area on the inside of the top end of the tibia.

Action - Pulls the limb towards the middle of the body, extends hip joint
Hind Adductor muscle
There are three adductor muscles. Adductor longus, adductor magnus and the brevis muscle. These muscles are found in the deep layer of the muscles.

Origin - They all originate on the pelvic joint via the symphysial tendon. Also Near the ischiatic arch, the ventral surface of the pubis and ventral surface of the ischium.

Insertion - Inserts into the whole lateral lip of the caudal rough face of the femur.

Action - Adduct limb and extend dogs hip and stabilizes hind leg