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149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 2 superficial pectoral muscles?
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Descending and transverse
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Where do the superficial pectoral muscles originate?
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The first 2 sternebrae and usually a part of the 3rd; the fibrous raphe between adjacent muscles
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Where do the superficial pectoral muscles insert?
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the whole crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus
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What is the function of the superficial pectoral muscles?
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Adduct the limb when it is not bearing weight or to prevent the limb from being abducted when bearing weight
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What nerves innervate the superficial pectoral muscles?
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Cranial pectoral nerves (C7, C8)
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Where does the deep pectoral muscle originate?
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Ventral part of the sternum and the fibrous raphe between fellow muscles; the deep abdominal fascia in the region of the xiphoid cartilage
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Where does the deep pectoral muscle insert?
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The major portion partly muscular, partly tendinous on the lesser tubercle of the humerus; an aponeurosis to the greater tubercle and its crest; the caudal part to the medial brachial fascia
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What is the function of the deep pectoral muscle?
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When the limb is advanced and fixed: to pull the trunk cranially and to extend the should joint. When the limb is not supporting weight: to draw the limb caudally and flex the should joint. To adduct the limb.
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Which nerves innervate the deep pectoral muscle?
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Caudal pectoral nerves (C8, T1)
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Where does the brachiocephalicus originate?
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Clavicular intersection
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What are the 2 parts of the brachiocephalicus?
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Cleidobrachialis and cleidocephalicus
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Where does the cleidobrachialis originate?
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Cleidobrachialis attaches to the distal end of the cranial border of humerus
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Where does the cleidocephalicus originate?
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Cervical part of the cleidocephalicus attaches to the cranial half of the mid-dorsal fibrous raphe and sometimes to the nuchal crest of occipital bone. The mastoid part of cleidocephalicus attaches to the mastoid part of the temporal bone with the sternomastoideus muscle.
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What is the function of the brachiocephalicus?
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Advance the limb; to extend the shoulder joint and draw the neck and head to the side
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Which nerves innervate the brachiocephalicus?
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Accessory nerve and ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves
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Where does the sternocephalicus originate?
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The first sternebra or manubrium
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Where does the sternocephalicus insert?
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The mastoid part of the temporal bone and the nuchal crest of the occipital bone
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What is the function of the sternocephalicus?
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To draw the head and neck to the side
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Which nerves innervate the sternocephalicus?
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Accessory nerve and ventral branches of cervical spine nerves
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Where does the sternohyoideus originate?
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The first sternebra and the first costal cartilage
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Where does the sternohyoideus insert?
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Basihyoid bone
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What is the function of the sternohyoideus?
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To pull the tongue and larynx caudally
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What nerves innervate the sternohyoideus?
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Ventral branches of the cervical spinal nerves
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Where does the sternothyroideus originate?
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The first costal cartilage
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Where does the sternothyroideus insert?
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The caudolateral surface of the thryoid cartilage
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What is the function of the sternothyroideus?
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To pull tongue and larynx caudally
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Which nerves innervate the sternothyroideus?
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Ventral branches of the cervical spinal nerves
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Where does the omotransversarius originate?
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The distal end of the spine of the scapula; cranially, the transverse wings of the atlas
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What is the function of the omotransversarius?
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To advance the limb or flex the neck laterally
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Which nerve innervates the omotransversarius?
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Accessory nerve
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What are the 2 parts of the trapezius?
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Cervical and thoracic
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Where does the trapezius originate?
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The median raphe of the neck and the supraspinous ligament from the level of the 3rd cervical vertebrae to the level of the 9th thoracic vertebra
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Where does the trapezius insert?
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Spine of the scapula
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What is the function of the trapezius?
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To elevate and abduct the forelimb
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Which nerve innervates the trapezius?
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Accessory nerve
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What are the 3 parts of the rhomboideus?
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Capitis, thoracis, and cervicis
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Where does the rhomboideus originate?
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The nuchal crest of the occipital bone; the median fibrous raphe of the neck; the spinous processes of the first 7 thoracic vertebrae
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Where does the rhomboideus insert?
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The dorsal border and adjacent surfaces of the scapula
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What is the function of the rhomboideus?
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To elevate the forelimb and draw the scapula against the trunk
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Which nerves innervate the rhomboideus?
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Ventral branches of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves
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Where does the latissimus dorsi originate?
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The thoracolumbar fascia from the spinous processes of the lumbar and the last 7 or 8 thoracic vertebrae; a muscular attachment to the last 2 or 3 ribs
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Where does the latissimus dorsi insert?
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The teres major tuberosity of the humerus and the teres major tendon
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What is the function of the latissimus dorsi?
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To draw the limb caudally as in digging; to flex the shoulder joint
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Which nerves innervate the latissimus dorsi?
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Thoracodorsal nerve (C7, C8, T1)
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What are the 2 serratus ventralis muscles?
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Serratus ventralis cervicis and serratus ventralis thoracis
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Where does the serratus ventralis originate?
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The transverse processes of the last 5 cervical vertebrae and the first 7 or 8 ribs ventral to their middle
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Where does the serratus ventralis insert?
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The dorsomedial third of the scapula (serrated face)
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What is the function of the serratus ventralis?
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To support the trunk and depress the scapula
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Which nerves innervate the serratus ventralis?
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Ventral branches of the cervical spinal nerves and the long thoracic nerve (C7)
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Where does the deltoideus muscle originate?
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Spine and acromial process of scapula
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Where does the deltoid insert?
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Deltoid tuberosity
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What is the function of the deltoideus?
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To flex the shoulder joint
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Which nerve innervates the deltoideus?
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Axillary nerve
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Where does the infraspinatus originate?
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The infraspinous fossa of the scapula
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Where does the infraspinatus insert?
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A small, circumscribed area on the lateral side of the greater tubercle of the humerus
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What is the function of the infraspinatus?
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To extend & laterally stabilize or flex the shoulder joint. To abduct the shoulder joint & to rotate the shoulder laterally. To prevent medial rotation when wt. bearing & provide lateral stability to the shoulder joint
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Which nerve innervates the infraspinatus?
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Suprascapular nerve
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Where does the teres minor originate?
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Infraglenoid tubercle and distal third of the caudal border of scapula
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Where does the teres minor insert?
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Teres minor tuberosity of humerus
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What is the function of the teres minor?
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To flex the shoulder joint, rotate the shoulder laterally, and prevent medial rotation when bearing wt.
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Which nerve innervates the teres minor?
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Axillary nerve
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Where does the supraspinatus originate?
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Supraspinous fossa
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Where does the supraspinatus insert?
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Greater tubercle of humerus, by thick tendon
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What is the function of the supraspinatus?
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To extend and laterally stabilize the shoulder joint
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Which nerve innervates the supraspinatus?
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Suprascapular nerve
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Where does the subscapularis originate?
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Subscapular fossa
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Where does the subscapularis insert?
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Lesser tubercle of humerus
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What is the function of the subscapularis?
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To adduct, extend, and medially stabilize the shoulder joint. To rotate the shoulder medially & prevent lateral rotation when bearing wt.
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Which nerve innervates the subscapularis?
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Subscapular nerve
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Where does the teres major originate?
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Caudal angle and adjacent caudal border of scapula; the caudal surface of subscapularis
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Where does the teres major insert?
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Teres major tuberosity of humerus
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What is the function of teres major?
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Flex the shoulder, rotate the shoulder medially, and prevent lateral rotation when wt. bearing
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Which nerve innervates the teres major?
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Axillary nerve
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Where does the coracobrachialis originate?
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Coracoid process of scapula
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Where does the coracobrachialis insert?
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Crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus proximal to the teres major tuberosity
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What is the function of the coracobrachialis?
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To adduct, extend, and stabilize the shoulder joint
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Which nerve innervates the coracobrachialis?
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Musculocutaneous nerve
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Where does the tensor fasciae antebrachii originate?
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The fascia covering the lateral side of the latissimus dorsi
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Where does the tensor fasciae antebrachii insert?
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Olecranon
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What is the function of the tensor fasciae antebrachii?
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To extend the elbow
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Which nerve innervates the tensor fasciae antebrachii?
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Radial nerve
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How many heads does the triceps brachii have? And what are they?
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4 - long head, lateral head, accessory head, and medial head
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Where does the long head of the triceps brachii originate and insert?
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Originates on caudal border of scapula & inserts in olecranon tuber
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Where does the lateral head of the triceps brachii originate and insert?
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Originates on the tricipital line of humerus & inserts on olecranon tuber
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Where does the accessory head of the triceps brachii originate & insert?
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Originates on neck of humerus & inserts on olecranon tuber
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Where does the medial head of triceps brachii originate & insert?
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Originates on crest of the lesser tubercle near the teres major tuberosity & inserts on olecranon
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What is the function of the triceps brachii?
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To extend the elbow. Long head also flexes the shoulder.
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Which nerve innervates the triceps brachii?
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Radial nerve
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Where does the anconeus originate?
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The lateral supracondylar crest and the lateral and medial epicondyles of humerus
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Where does the anconeus insert?
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Lateral surface of the proximal end of the ulna (olecranon)
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What is the function of the anconeus?
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To extend the elbow
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Which nerve innervates the anconeus?
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Radial nerve
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Where does the biceps brachii originate & insert?
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Originates on supraglenoid tubercle & inserts on ulnar & radial tuberosities
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What is the function of the biceps brachii?
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To flex the elbow and extend the shoulder
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Which nerve innervates the biceps brachii?
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Musculocutaneous nerve
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Where does the brachialis originate & insert?
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Originates on proximal third of the lateral surface of humerus & inserts on ulnar & radial tuberosities
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What is the function of the brachialis?
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To flex the elbow
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Which nerve innervates the brachialis?
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Musculocutaneous nerve
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Where does the extensor carpi radialis originate?
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Lateral supracondylar crest
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Where does the extensor carpi radialis insert?
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Small tuberosities on the dorsal surface of the base of metacarpals I and II
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What is the function of the extensor carpi radialis?
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Extend the carpus
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Which nerve innervates the extensor carpi radialis?
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Radial nerve
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Where does the common digital extensor originate?
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Lateral epicondyle of humerus
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Where does the common digital extensor insert?
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Extensor processes of the distal phalanges of digits II, III, IV, and V
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What is the function of the common digital extensor?
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To extend the joints of the four principal digits and the carpus
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Which nerve innervates the common digital extensor?
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Radial nerve
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Where does the lateral digital extensor originate?
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Lateral epicondyle of humerus
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Where does the lateral digital extensor insert?
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Proximal ends of all the phalanges of digits III, IV, and V, but mainly the extensor processes of the distal phalanges of these digits
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What is the function of the lateral digital extensor?
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To extend the carpus and joints of digits III, IV, and V
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Which nerve innervates the lateral digital extensor?
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Radial nerve
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Where does the ulnaris lateralis originate?
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Lateral epicondyle of humerus
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Where does the ulnaris lateralis insert?
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Lateral aspect of the proximal end of metacarpal V and the accessory carpal bone
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What is the function of the ulnaris lateralis?
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To abduct the manus and flex the carpal joint and support the carpus when extended to support weight
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Which nerve innervates the ulnaris lateralis?
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Radial nerve
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Where does the supinator originate?
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Lateral epicondyle of humerus
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Where does the supinator insert?
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Cranial surface of the proximal fourth of the radius
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What is the function of the supinator?
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To rotate the forearm laterally so that the palmar side of the paw faces medially (supination); to flex the elbow
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Which nerve innervates the supinator?
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Radial nerve
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Where does the abductor digiti longus originate?
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Lateral border and cranial surface of the body of the ulna; the interosseus membrane
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Where does the abductor digiti longus insert?
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Proximal end of metacarpal I
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What is the function of the abductor digiti longus?
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To abduct the first digit or pollex and extend the carpal joints
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Which nerve innervates the abductor digiti longus?
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Radial nerve
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Where does the pronator teres originate?
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Medial epicondyle of the humerus
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Where does the pronator teres insert?
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Medial border of the radius between the proximal and middle thirds
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What is the function of the pronator teres?
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To rotate the forearm medially so that the palmar side of the paw faces the ground (pronation); to flex the elbow
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Which nerve innervates the pronator teres?
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Median nerve
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Where does th flexor carpi radialis originate?
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Medial epicondyle of humerus and medial border of radius
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Where does the flexor carpi radialis insert?
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Palmar side of the base of metacarpals II and III
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What is the function of the flexor carpi radialis?
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To flex the carpus
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Which nerve innervates the flexor carpi radialis?
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Median nerve
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Where does the superficial digital flexor originate?
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Medial epicondyle of humerus
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Where does the superficial digital flexor insert?
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Palmar surface of the base (proximal end) of the middle phalanges of digits II, III, IV, and V
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What is the function of the superficial digital flexor?
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To flex the carpal, metacarpophalangeal, and proximal interphalangeal joints of digits II, III, IV, and V
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Which nerve innervates the superficial digital flexor?
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Median nerve
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Where does the flexor carpi ulnaris originate?
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Ulnar head - the caudal border & medial surface of the olecranon; humeral head - the medial epicondyle of humerus
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Where does the flexor carpi ulnaris insert?
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Accessory carpal bone
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What is the function of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
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Flex the carpus
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Which nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris?
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Ulnar nerve
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Where does deep digital flexor originate?
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Humeral head - the medial epicondyle of humerus; ulnar head - the proximal 3/4 of caudal border of ulna; radial head - middle 3rd of the medial border of radius
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Where does the deep digital flexor insert?
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Flexor tubercle on the palmar surface of the distal phalax of each digit
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What is the function of the deep digital flexor?
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To flex the carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints and the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of the digits
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Which nerves innervate the deep digital flexor?
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Median and ulnar nerves
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Where does the pronator quadratus originate?
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Apposed surfaces of the radius and ulna
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What is the function of the pronator quadratus?
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To pronate the paw
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Which nerve innervates the pronator quadratus?
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Median nerve
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Which muscles are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?
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Coracobrachialis, Biceps brachii, Brachialis, and skin of medial antebrachium
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Which muscles are innervated by the median nerve?
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Pronator teres, Flexor carpi radialis, Pronator quadratus, Superficial digital flexor, Deep digital flexor, and skin of caudal antebrachium and palmar paw
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Which muscles are innervated by the radial nerve?
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Triceps brachii, Tensor fasciae antebrachii, Anconeus, Extensor carpi radialis, Supinator, Common digital extensor, Lateral digital extensor, Ulnaris lateralis, Abductor digi I longus, and skin of cranial and lateral antebrachium and dorsal paw
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Which muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve?
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Flexor carpi ulnaris, Deep digital flexor (ulnar & humeral heads), Interossei, skin of caudal antebrachium, skin of palmar paw
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