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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cancer
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2nd leading COD in US
64% will be alive after 5 yrs not a single disease- prostate most common in men breasts most common in women |
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Cancer
What? |
a disorder of altered cell differentiation and growth.
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Neoplasia
What? |
'new growth'
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Neoplasm
What? |
the result of the new growth
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Proliferation
What? |
Process where tissues acquire new or replacement cells through cell division
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Differentiation
What? |
Process where proliferating cells are transformed into different and more specialized cells
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Benign tumors
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usually well-differentiated cells that may perform normal fx-
slow growth- grows by expansion with compression of nearby tissue possible- *Does not spread by metastasis* |
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Malignant
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cells are undifferentiated with anaplasia (loss of differentiation)
bears little resemblance to cells of tissue of origin rapid in growth- invade local structures and tissues |
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Metastasis
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movement of cancerous cells from origin to new site-
spread distantly most commonly through blood and **lymphatics** |
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Cancer
Hosts & Environmental factors Heredity* |
Not the cause of the majority of cancers only 10-20% linkable-
Multiple genetic changes have to happen before cancer develops |
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Cancer
Host and Environmental factors Viral Causes* |
HPV & Cervical Cancer-
Epstein Barr & Lymphomas- Hepatitis B, C |
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Cancer
Host and Environmental factors Bacterial Causes? |
H. Pylori (bacteria, also ulcer producer) is a known cause of gastric cancer
blacks & Hispanics at increased risk for gastric cancer |
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Cancer
Host and Environmental factors - Lifestyle? |
Tobacco use - #1indicator for kidney, bladder, lung
Diet - low in fiber, nitrates (smoked foods, salted meat, pork), obesity Alcohol - especially when smoke |
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Cancer
Host and Environmental factors - UV Radiation? |
known to cause specific gene mutations-
risk increase if excessive exposure during childhood- |
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Cancer
How it presents? |
PAIN- pain is first priority:
Morphine is drug of choice- FATIGUE- most common reported symptom Cachexia- Altered Carb Metabolism- causes hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia |
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Cancer
Diagnostic? |
PAP Smear for Cervical; includes tissue smear and colposcopy: a tissue' snip'
Biopsy: lymph node almost always, must have biopsy!!! |
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Cancer
Staging? |
Stage using TNM
tumor: size node: how many metastasis: satellite sites |
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Cancer
Treatment? Cure, no not usually. |
Chemo- single agent or combo; Biotherapies-to wake up the immune system; Radiation-does not replace chemo, aviods damage to normal structures; Surgery-not 1st in inflammatory breasts CA
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Cancer
Side effects of treatment? |
N/V, alopecia, infections d/t low WBC, anemia: give Procrit but not for all anemias-
Leuko/Neutropenia: (tx with Neupogen) when severe avoid fresh fruits, veggies, flowers, and teach hygiene, avoidance |
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Cancer
Other side effects of tx? |
Thrombocytopenia: decreased platelets
major cause of hemorrhage- NO IM injections: hold venipunture for 5 min, no shave, teach safety! |
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Cancer
Infection |
is the most significant cause of complications and death in malignant CA diseases. teach patient to know the signs of infection, to keep all appntments, and what to avoid in the environment. FEVER is top sign when WBC is affected.
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