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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does metastasize mean?
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What does metastasize mean?
- Cancer spread |
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What type of skin cancer has the poorest prognosis?
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What type of skin cancer has the poorest prognosis?
- Malignant melanoma |
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What type of skin cancer is the slowest growing?
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What type of skin cancer is the slowest growing?
- basal cell |
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What does melanoma mean?
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What does melanoma mean?
- Tumor of the melanocytes |
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What is the contributing factor to getting Basal Cell Carcinoma?
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What is the contributing factor to getting Basal Cell Carcinoma?
- Ultra Violet Light |
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What is the most common place to get skin cancer?
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What is the most common place to get skin cancer?
- Face (on the nose) |
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What does a blue or black mole usually indicate?
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What does a blue or black mole usually indicate?
- Malignant Melanoma (aka: Skin Cancer) |
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What can u teach pt to prevent / reduce chance of skin cancer?
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What can u teach pt to prevent / reduce chance of skin cancer?
- Sunscreen - Cover Up - Limited Exposure - Stay out of the sun when on Sulfa Drugs |
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Why would pt with bone cancer be anemic? why?
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Why would pt with bone cancer be anemic?
- Lack of bone cells (blood cells) why? - because it is produced in the bone |
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What types of cancers are caused by prolonged exposure to the sun?
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What types of cancers are caused by prolonged exposure to the sun?
- Basal cell (slowest growing) - Melanoma (the most dangerous type of skin cancer) - Squamous cell |
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What is Kaposi's sarcoma? And who does it affect?
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What is Kaposi's sarcoma? And who does it affect?
- A cancer that affect AIDS pt’s - Squamous cells are affecting the cells that are all over the body |
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What is Lymphadema?
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What is Lymphadema?
- swelling of lymphnodes |
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What is Lymphademopathy?
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What is Lymphademopathy?
- metastatic cancer has taken root in lymphnodes post metastisis - cancer of the lymph nodes. (FYI: metastasizing means spreading) |
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WHAT IS OSTEO GENIC SARCOMA?
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WHAT IS OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA?
- bone cancer |
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What is a complication of osteo genic sarcoma? (besides hypercalcemia)
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What is a complication of osteo genic sarcoma? (besides hypercalcemia)
- Anemia due to not making RBC not carrying enough oxygen |
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Why are we so cautious of older adult with bone cancer?
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Why are we so cautious of older adult with bone cancer?
- Because they are at risk for PATHOLOGICAL FX |
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Why do we do a lung scan on pt ho have malignant bone Tumor’s?
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Why do we do a lung scan on pt ho have malignant bone Tumor’s?
- make sure not metastasized |
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What is a Non-Surgical way to remove bone cancer?
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What is a Non-Surgical way to remove bone cancer?
- Chemotherapy - Radiation - Mono or Bio-Therapy |
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If a pt has cancer that has metasisized to the lymphatic tissue, it is now called what?
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If a pt has cancer that has metasisized to the lymphatic tissue, it is now called what?
- Lymphoma (tumor of the lymph) |
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What is a pathological fracture?
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What is a pathological fracture?
no explanation for the fracture (patho is disease) is it osteo, or osteo mylitis |
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Does early oral cancer hurt?
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Does early oral cancer hurt?
- NO |
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how confirm oral cancer?
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how confirm oral cancer?
- via biopsy |
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What contributing factors lead to oral cancer?
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What contributing factors lead to oral cancer?
- Smoking - alcohol - Chronic irritation - Metal fillings - HPV - dentures |
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After remove of oral tumor, what is priority?
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After remove of oral tumor, what is priority?
- ABC |
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What type of oral cancer is Leukophaqueia associated with?
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What type of oral cancer is Leukophaqueia associated with?
- Tongue Cancer (pt with AIDS) |
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Q1. What does GERD stand for?
Q2. What does GERD put you at risk for? Q3. Who does GERD affect the most? Q4. What blood type puts you at 10% greater risk of Gastric Cancer? |
Q1. What does GERD stand for?
- Gastric Esophageal Reflux Disease Q2. What does GERD put you at risk for? - GERD - elevated risk of esophageal cancer Q3. Who does GERD affect the most? - Greatest risk in older men >60 - African American Men - Chinese men - Middle Eastern - Japan Q4. What blood type puts you at 10% greater risk of Gastric Cancer? - Type A Blood |
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Can gastric cancer be misdiagnosed for peptic ulcer?
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Can gastric cancer be misdiagnosed for peptic ulcer?
- YES |
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What are the s/s a pt with Gastric Cancer (aka: stomach cancer) might have?
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What are the s/s a pt with Gastric Cancer (aka: stomach cancer) might have?
- Upset stomach - Fullness - Coffee Ground Vomit - Anemia (Lab tests: H&H blood test), - unexplained weight loss - persistent indigestion |
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Why would a pt with gastric cancer have a low H&H?
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Why would a pt with gastric cancer have a low H&H?
- Anemia (because they are bleeding) - You would know they are bleeding from occult blood - And/or they were vomiting coffee grounds |
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Why would a pt blood pressure be normal to slightly elevated with a pt who has a GI bleed?
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Why would a pt blood pressure be normal to slightly elevated with a pt who has a GI bleed?
- due to portal bleed (pressure on portal vein) |
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What foods help decrease chance for colorectal cancer?
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What foods help decrease chance for colorectal cancer?
- high fiber, low fat: ex. turkey, lean red meat, apple, oatmeal, pork |
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What does CEA stand for?
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What does CEA stand for?
- Carcinogenic Embryonic Antigen (tests for colorectal cancer) |
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What is an antigen?
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What is an antigen?
- Against (foreign protein) ex: a gi cancer that has gone crazy |
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What lab tests determine if colorectal cancer has metastasized?
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What lab tests determine if colorectal cancer has metastasized?
- LFT (Liver Function Test) |
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When pt has liver cancer is there a greater possibility that it has started at another site (it has metastasized from another site)?
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When pt has liver cancer is there a greater possibility that it has started at another site (it has metastasized from another site)?
- Yes - It is considered secondary (it started somewhere else) |
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What is Whipple procedure?
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What is Whipple procedure?
- A type of surgery used to treat pancreatic cancer - The head of the pancreas is removed - (FYI: cure rate is very low) |
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What is a polyp?
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What is a polyp?
- an abnormal growth of tissue - found in the colon, intestines, stomach, bladder (aka: “skin tag” when found on the outside of the skin) |
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What are possible ss in colorectal cancer?
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What are possible ss in colorectal cancer?
- Change in bowel habit, - Rectal bleeding - Anemia, - Changes on the left or right side - Abdominal cramping to distention. |
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Why do polyps put pt at risk for colorectal cancer?
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Why do polyps put pt at risk for colorectal cancer?
- because it is abnormal tissue (abnormal growth) get rid of it |
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What does primary cancer vs. 2ndary mean?
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What does primary cancer vs. 2ndary mean?
- Primary is where it started and 2ndary is where it ended up (or metastasize is where it ended up) |
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When pt has Liver cancer is there a greater possibility it has metastasized from another site?
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When pt has Liver cancer is there a greater possibility it has metastasized from another site?
- Yes - It is 2ndary |
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A newly diagnosed pt with early cancer of the liver will have a surgical resection, why not chemo or radiation 1st?
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A newly diagnosed pt with early cancer of the liver will have a surgical resection, why not chemo or radiation 1st?
Because the Liver can grow back healthy (get it out before it metastasizes) |
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What is the option for pt w early diagnose of cancer?
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What is the option for pt w early diagnose of cancer?
- surgically remove |
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Post Whipple procedure, what precaution do we take prior to the procedure?
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Post Whipple procedure, what precaution do we take prior to the procedure?
- monitor vital signs - Glucose elevated or decreased. - Bowel sounds (non-existent) - watch stools |
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Is there a drain for Whipple procedure?
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Is there a drain for Whipple procedure?
- Yes (NG tube, G tube) |
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What is #1 risk for pancreatic cancer?
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What is #1 risk for pancreatic cancer?
- Smoking |
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Why is altered nutrition a possible nursing DX for a pt with pancreatic cancer?
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Why is altered nutrition a possible nursing DX for a pt with pancreatic cancer?
- they are sick & weak, sugars are up & down, they are not hungry - Keep them TPN or small frequent meals - NG, G or J tube feedings |
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Q1. Why is it important for pt w metastatic pancreatic cancer to grieve?
Q2. What are the psychosocial steps for grieving? |
Q1. Why is it important for pt w metastatic pancreatic cancer to grieve?
- bc they will die (100% mortality rate) Q2. What are the psychosocial steps for grieving? - psychosocial- denial, anger, depression, acceptance, bargaining. |
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What are the modifiable risks that contribute to bladder cancer?
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What are the modifiable risks that contribute to bladder cancer?
- smoking cigarettes contributes to all cancers. |
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What is the usual early ss a person with bladder cancer presents?
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What is the usual early ss a person with bladder cancer presents?
- Painless blood in urine (Hematuria) |
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What is BPH?
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What is BPH?
- benign prostatic hypertrophy (hardening and enlarging of the prostate) |
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What lab test would a pt with possible prostate cancer or BPH get?
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What lab test would a pt with possible prostate cancer or BPH get?
- PSA – Prostetic Specific Antigen - DRE (Digital Rectal Exam) |
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What squishing out of prostate?
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What squishing out of prostate?
- a liquid (aka Gizz) |
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Why is surgery the most common intervention with prostate cancer?
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Why is surgery the most common intervention with prostate cancer?
- best treatment - it is the cure (FYI: because taking out the prostate is the only way to get rid of it) |
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What is leukemia?
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What is leukemia?
- Cancer of the blood. white blood cells. |
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What is the priority care pt with leukemia?
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What is the priority care pt with leukemia?
- protect from infection |
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Q1. What does “ALL” stand for?
Q2. What are the ss for ALL? |
Q1. What does “ALL” stand for?
- ALL= Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Q2. What are the ss for ALL? - jaundice - generalized edema (Asarco) - bone pain - Anemia - Fever |
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Why before bone marrow transplant do we need Total Body Irridation?
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Why before bone marrow transplant do we need Total Body Irridation?
- To make sure the bad cells are destroyed before tx (chemo) - Reverse Isolation |
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Q1. What is “CLL”?
Q2. Who gets CLL the most? |
Q1. What is “CLL”?
- CLL= Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Q2. Who gets CLL the most? - Adults >60 |
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What is the most important environmental contributing factor to leukemia?
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What is the most important environmental contributing factor to leukemia?
- smoking the most important environmental contributing factor to leukemia |
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Q1. What is multiple myeloma?
Q2. What is #1 ss? |
Q1. What is multiple myeloma?
- Many bone tumors Q2. What is #1 ss? - Severe pain (in bone, back, and ribs are the most common) |
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What diagnostic finding in urine would indicate multiple myeloma?
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What diagnostic finding in urine would indicate multiple myeloma?
- Benz Jones Protein (specifically related to multiple myeloma) |
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What is the #1 intervention for someone with bone cancer?
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What is the #1 intervention for someone with bone cancer?
- risk for fracture (lacking calcium and phosphorus) |
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What lymph is affected 1st in pt with Hodgkin’s disease?
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What lymph is affected 1st in pt with Hodgkin’s disease?
- Cervical (neck) |
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Who is at greatest risk for Hodgkin’s disease?
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Who is at greatest risk for Hodgkin’s disease?
- Young adult males |
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How does hormone treatment work on prostate cancer?
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How does hormone treatment work on prostate cancer?
- suppresses the testosterone (anti androgen) give estrogen in form of Lupron (Fyi: IF YOU HAVE BREAST CANCER... YOU WANT TO SUPRESS ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE, give tamoxifen (Nolvadex)) |
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Q1. What type of drug is Tomoxafin (Nolevadix)?
Q2. Do you give it to someone with breast cancer? Q3. Why would you need to see the Gyno on regular basis? |
Q1. What type of drug is Tomoxafin (Nolevadix)?
- Anti-estrogen hormone Q2. Do you give it to someone with breast cancer? - Yes, because it blocks estrogen Q3. Why would you need to see the Gyno on regular basis? - because ovaries and uterus are effected and need to be checked |
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Why would you administer antiemetic before a pt gets chemo?
What are some antiemetics? |
Why would you administer antiemetic before a pt gets chemo?
- To prevent nausea What are some antiemetics? - zofran, compazine, benadril, tygan, prometazine, reglan |
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What does Anti neoplastic mean?
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What does Anti neoplastic mean?
- Antineoplastic = anticancer (or against cancer) |
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Q1. Why is it important to teach pt to notify PCP in case they have any symptoms during chemo?
Q2. What should the pt notify to the pcp asap? |
Q1. Why is it important to teach pt to notify PCP in case they have any symptoms during chemo?
- Because chemo pt’s are immunosupressed. Q2. What should the pt notify to the pcp asap? - Any sign of fever, chills, sore throat, malaise |
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What norm cells are at lowest risk of being destroyed while pt is on chemo drugs?
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What norm cells are at lowest risk of being destroyed while pt is on chemo drugs?
- NERVOUS SYSTEM- BRAIN CELLS & SPINAL CORD - hierarchy on the chain they are protected by the myelin sheath |
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How do you instruct or teach the pt to do when taking chemo drugs (cytotoxin)?
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How do you instruct or teach the pt to do when taking chemo drugs (cytotoxin)?
- Take with lots of water. 8-10 glasses of h2o - Take it with lots of water to make sure the toxins get out |
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lab levels for platelets:
Hemoglobin = girls boys Hemocrit |
lab levels for platelets: 150, 000- 450,000 (or 500,000)
Hemoglobin = girls 12-16 / boys14-18 Hemocrit is X3 |
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methotrexate does what in cancer pt?
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methotrexate does what in cancer pt?
- chemo drugs that kills the proliferated cells |
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Why do you take vital signs prior to giving oral methotrexate?
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Why do you take vital signs prior to giving oral methotrexate?
- BP, need a Baseline (it is a cytotoxin that destroys the cells) |
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Why do we use hormone therapy as a treatment for some cancers?
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Why do we use hormone therapy as a treatment for some cancers?
- b/c it suppresses the growth of some cancers (tumor sensitive) |
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Q1. What does BRM stand for?
Q2. Why do we use BRM? |
Q1. What does BRM stand for?
- Biological Response Modifiers Q2. Why do we use BRM? - to amp up immune response. - to help stimulate bone marrow after suppressing it |
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Q1. what is Oncovin?
Q2. Why do we encourage pt to increase fluids? |
Q1. what is Oncovin?
- chemotherapy drug. Q2. Why do we encourage pt to increase fluids? - to flush out the toxins: because the cancer cells fragment and go everywhere |
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What do you teach pt to do if his or her platelet count was low?
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what teach pt to do if his or her platelet count was low?
- electric razors, - soft tooth brush, - handle with care, - axillaries temp, - H & H (wbc’s and platelets) - Shoes on |
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How does BRM (interferon) work on cancer pt?
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How does BRM (interferon) work on cancer pt?
- Increase immune response natural T cells (seek and find) - prevents secondary infection |
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Q1. What is Neupogen (filgrastim)?
Q2. How is it given? |
Q1. What is Neupogen (filgrastim)?
- - FILIGRASTIN WHITE BLOOD CELL STIMULATOR- HEMOPOEITIN Q2. How is it given? - SubQ (An injection of Neupogen stimulates white blood cell) |
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Pt on methotrexate & given a drug called the “rescue drug” to protect the other cells, what is the name of this drug?
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Pt on methotrexate & given a drug called the “rescue drug” to protect the other cells, what is the name of this drug?
- leucovorin aka: wakovorin - protecting normal cells during chemo (methotrexate) |
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What type of isolation is a pt on that just received chemo 24 hours ago?
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What type of isolation is a pt on that just received chemo 24 hours ago?
- Reverse isolation - Protect yourself from chemicals (wear full PPE) - Do not touch the blood, urine, feces of the pt. |
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What kind of abnormality would u teach your pt to report while on Tamoxifen (nolvadex)?
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What kind of abnormality would u teach your pt to report while on Tamoxifen (nolvadex)?
- Hormone suppressor - Vaginal Bleeding (suppressing estrogen levels) |
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What type of cancer drug is 5FU?
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What type of cancer drug is 5FU?
- Fluorourcil - chemo drug |
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liver cancer, 5fu the drug of choice?
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liver cancer, 5fu the drug of choice?
- Yes |
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With breast cancer, what is the drug of choice?
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With breast cancer, what is the drug of choice?
- Temoxafin |
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What does oncology mean?
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What does oncology mean?
- Oncology is the study of cancer |
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who is allowed to give chemo drugs?
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who is allowed to give chemo drugs?
- oncology certified nurse- LVN or RN |
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How and when to admin antineoplastic drugs?
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How and when to admin antineoplastic drugs?
- Specific times. Make sure there are peek serum levels so you know it is working - Hydrate prior with IV fluids. Dehydration is a side effect. Chemo kills |
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What class is endostatin?
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What class is endostatin?
- angiogenesis inhibitor (decreases the blood flow to the tumor) |
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Q1. What is blenoxane?
Q2. What is the side effect? |
Q1. What is blenoxane?
- Chemo drug. antibiotic anti tumor Q2. What is the side effect? - s/e pulmonary issues. breathing respiratory distress, dispnea, cough |
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Prior to chemo rounds what would the nurse ask?
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Prior to chemo rounds what would the nurse ask?
- do u have a fever, chills, or sore throat. - dead is the side effect |
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If pt on oncology unit, who is to get an investigate drug, what 1st?
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If pt on oncology unit, who is to get an investigate drug, what 1st?
- get the dr. |
