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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Photsynthesis
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The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria transform light energy to chemical energy stored in the bonds of sugars made from carbon dioxide and water.
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Autotrophs
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An organism that makes its own food from inorganic ingredients, thereby sustaining itself without eating other organisms or their molecules. Plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria are autotrophs.
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Heterotrophs
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An organism that cannot make its own organic food molecules from inorganic ingredients and must obtain them by consuming other organisms or their organic products; a consumer or a decomposer in a food chain.
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Producers
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An organism that makes organic food molecules from CO2, H2O, and other inorganic raw materials: a plant, alga, or autotrophic bacterium; the trophic level that supports all others in a food chain or food web.
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Consumers
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An organism that obtains its food by eating plants or by eating animals that have eaten plants.
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Aerobic
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Containing or requiring molecular oxygen (O2).
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Cellular respiration
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The aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules; the energy-releasing chemical breakdown of food molecules, such as glucose, and the storage of potential energy in the form that cells can use to perform work; involves glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain, and chemiosmosis.
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Redox Reactions
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Short for oxidation-reduction reaction; a chemical reaction in which electrons are lost from one stubstance (oxidation) and added to another (reduction). Oxidation and reduction always occur together.
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Oxidation
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The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction; always accompanies reduction.
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Reduction
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The gain of electrons by a substance involved in a redoz reaction; always accompanies oxidation.
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NADH
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An electron carrier involved in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. It carries electrons from glucose and other fuel molecules and deposits them at the top of an electron transport chain. It is generated during glucolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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Glycolysis
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The multistep chemical breakdown of a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid; the first stage of cellular respiration in all organisms; occurs in the cytoplasmic fluid.
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Citric Acid Cycle
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The metabolic cycle that is fueled by acetyl CoA formed after glycolysis in cellular respiration. Chemical reactions in the cycle complete the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide. The cycle occurs in the matrix of mitochondria and supplies most of the NADH molecules that carry energy to the electron transport chains. Also referred to as the Krebs Cycle.
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Electron Transport
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A redox reaction in which one or more electrons are transferred to carrier molecules. A series of such reactions, called an electron transport chain, can release the energy stored in high-energy molecules such as glucose.
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Anaerobic
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Lacking or not requiring molecular oxygen (O2).
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Fermentation
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The anaerobic harvest of food by some cells.
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